ArticleCancer research2011
TGF-beta-RI kinase inhibitor SD-208 reduces the development and progression of melanoma bone metastases.
Article in Cancer research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 137 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
137 citing papers in PubMed, 218 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacological Inhibition of Small Extracellular Vesicle Secretion by ALK5i SD-208 via Lysosomal Rerouting of CD63+ Compartments.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Targeting RANKL-independent osteoclastogenesis overcomes denosumab resistance in models of ER+ breast cancer bone metastasis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Emerging role of ARHGAP29 in melanoma cell phenotype switching.Molecular oncology · 2026Article
- TGF-β in tumor development and progression: mechanisms and therapeutics.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- TGF-beta inhibitors in cancer therapy: a review of the TGF-beta signal transduction pathway and current developments.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- IFC-305, an adenosine derivative, inhibits the osteolytic metastases of triple-negative breast cancer.Journal of bone oncology · 2025Article
- Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis: Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor and Bone Microenvironment.Cancer management and research · 2025Review
- Bone metastases from endocrine cancer: advances in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Immune mediated support of metastasis: Implication for bone invasion.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2024Review
- Mechanism insights and therapeutic intervention of tumor metastasis: latest developments and perspectives.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Transforming growth factor-β receptors: versatile mechanisms of ligand activation.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2024Review
- Review
- Review
- Advances and Challenges in Targeting TGF-β Isoforms for Therapeutic Intervention of Cancer: A Mechanism-Based Perspective.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Bridging the Gap in Understanding Bone Metastasis: A Multifaceted Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Dormancy of cutaneous melanoma.Cancer cell international · 2024Review
- Isoliensinine suppressed gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration by targeting TGFBR1 to regulate TGF-β-smad signaling pathways.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Role of Rho/MRTF in Aggressive Vemurafenib-Resistant Murine Melanomas and Immune Checkpoint Upregulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Polyoxazoline-Based Nanovaccine Synergizes with Tumor-Associated Macrophage Targeting and Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy against Solid Tumors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Isotoosendanin exerts inhibition on triple-negative breast cancer through abrogating TGF-Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Article
77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Melanoma often metastasizes to bone where it is exposed to high concentrations of TGF-β. Constitutive Smad signaling occurs in human melanoma. Because TGF-β promotes metastases to bone by several types of solid tumors including breast cancer, we hypothesized that pharmacologic blockade of the TGF-β signaling pathway may interfere with the capacity of melanoma cells to metastasize to bone. In this study, we tested the effect of a small molecule inhibitor of TGF-β receptor I kinase (TβRI), SD-208, on various parameters affecting the development and progression of melanoma, both in vitro and in a mouse model of human melanoma bone metastasis. In melanoma cell lines, SD-208 blocked TGF-β induction of Smad3 phosphorylation, Smad3/4-specific transcription, Matrigel invasion and expression of the TGF-β target genes PTHrP, IL-11, CTGF, and RUNX2. To assess effects of SD-208 on melanoma development and metastasis, nude mice were inoculated with 1205Lu melanoma cells into the left cardiac ventricle and drug was administered by oral gavage on prevention or treatment protocols. SD-208 (60 mg/kg/d), started 2 days before tumor inoculation prevented the development of osteolytic bone metastases compared with vehicle. In mice with established bone metastases, the size of osteolytic lesions was significantly reduced after 4 weeks treatment with SD-208 compared with vehicle-treated mice. Our results demonstrate that therapeutic targeting of TGF-β may prevent the development of melanoma bone metastases and decrease the progression of established osteolytic lesions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.