ArticleArchives of biochemistry and biophysics2011
Enzymatic formation of apo-carotenoids from the xanthophyll carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin by ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase.
Article in Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of microsamples of human faeces: a non-invasive approach to study the bioavailability of fat-soluble bioactive compounds.European journal of nutrition · 2015Trial
- Inactivity of human β,β-carotene-9',10'-dioxygenase (BCO2) underlies retinal accumulation of the human macular carotenoid pigment.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Trial
- Phytoene, a Precursor of Lycopene in Tomatoes, Protects Against Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Mice.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- Identification of the BCO gene family and its effect on body coloration in Lutjanus erythropterus.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
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- Unveiling BCO2 function in macular pigment metabolism: Mitochondrial processing and expression in the primate retina.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids · 2025Article
- Effects ofAquaculture nutrition · 2025Article
- Carotenoid Supplementation for Alleviating the Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- First Optimization of Tomato Pomace in Diets forInsects · 2023Article
- Natural overexpression of CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 4 in tomato alters carotenoid flux.Plant physiology · 2023Article
- β-Cryptoxanthin Attenuates Cigarette-Smoke-Induced Lung Lesions in the Absence of Carotenoid Cleavage Enzymes (BCO1/BCO2) in Mice.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Factors determining the oral absorption and systemic disposition of zeaxanthin in rats:Pharmaceutical biology · 2022Article
- Aster la vista: Unraveling the biochemical basis of carotenoid homeostasis in the human retina.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Biological Potential, Gastrointestinal Digestion, Absorption, and Bioavailability of Algae-Derived Compounds with Neuroprotective Activity: A Comprehensive Review.Marine drugs · 2022Review
- Xanthophyll β-cryptoxanthin treatment inhibits hepatic steatosis without altering vitamin A status in β-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase knockout mice.Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2022Article
- Review
- Review
- Article
- The Structural and Biochemical Basis of Apocarotenoid Processing by β-Carotene Oxygenase-2.ACS chemical biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Xanthophyll carotenoids, such as lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin, may provide potential health benefits against chronic and degenerative diseases. Investigating pathways of xanthophyll metabolism are important to understanding their biological functions. Carotene-15,15'-monooxygenase (CMO1) has been shown to be involved in vitamin A formation, while recent studies suggest that carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase (CMO2) may have a broader substrate specificity than previously recognized. In this in vitro study, we investigated baculovirus-generated recombinant ferret CMO2 cleavage activity towards the carotenoid substrates zeaxanthin, lutein and β-cryptoxanthin. Utilizing HPLC, LC-MS and GC-MS, we identified both volatile and non-volatile apo-carotenoid products including 3-OH-β-ionone, 3-OH-α-ionone, β-ionone, 3-OH-α-apo-10'-carotenal, 3-OH-β-apo-10'-carotenal, and β-apo-10'-carotenal, indicating cleavage at both the 9,10 and 9',10' carbon-carbon double bond. Enzyme kinetic analysis indicated the xanthophylls zeaxanthin and lutein are preferentially cleaved over β-cryptoxanthin, indicating a key role of CMO2 in non-provitamin A carotenoid metabolism. Furthermore, incubation of 3-OH-β-apo-10'-carotenal with CMO2 lysate resulted in the formation of 3-OH-β-ionone. In the presence of NAD(+), in vitro incubation of 3-OH-β-apo-10'-carotenal with ferret hepatic homogenates formed 3-OH-β-apo-10'-carotenoic acid. Since apo-carotenoids serve as important signaling molecules in a variety of biological processes, enzymatic cleavage of xanthophylls by mammalian CMO2 represents a new avenue of research regarding vertebrate carotenoid metabolism and biological function.
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