ArticlePLoS genetics2010
Human-specific evolution and adaptation led to major qualitative differences in the variable receptors of human and chimpanzee natural killer cells.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- An evolutionary genomic perspective on preterm birth, genome editing, and pregnancy in the human species.Frontiers in genome editing · 2026Review
- Rhesus Macaque Killer Cell Ig-like Receptor Domain 0 Glycans Impact Surface Expression and Ligand Specificity.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- TheFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Placing human gene families into their evolutionary context.Human genomics · 2022Review
- HLA-B∗46 associates with rapid HIV disease progression in Asian cohorts and prominent differences in NK cell phenotype.Cell host & microbe · 2022Article
- Immunogenomics of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) and HLA Class I: Coevolution and Consequences for Human Health.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2022Article
- Comparative genetics of KIR haplotype diversity in humans and rhesus macaques: the balancing act.Immunogenetics · 2022Article
- Remarkably Low KIR and HLA Diversity in Amerindians Reveals Signatures of Strong Purifying Selection Shaping the Centromeric KIR Region.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- The New Kid on the Block: HLA-C, a Key Regulator of Natural Killer Cells in Viral Immunity.Cells · 2021Review
- Adaptive Admixture of HLA Class I Allotypes Enhanced Genetically Determined Strength of Natural Killer Cells in East Asians.Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors in Regulating the Immune Response in Infectious Diseases: A Window of Opportunity to Pathogen Persistence and a Sound Target in Therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- High-Resolution Analysis Identifies High Frequency ofFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Nomenclature report for killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) in macaque species: new genes/alleles, renaming recombinant entities and IPD-NHKIR updates.Immunogenetics · 2020Review
- The Genetic Mechanisms Driving Diversification of theFrontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- HLA Correlations with Clinical Phenotypes and Risk of Metabolic Comorbidities in Singapore Chinese Psoriasis Patients.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2019Observational
- Conservation, Extensive Heterozygosity, and Convergence of Signaling Potential All Indicate a Critical Role for KIR3DL3 in Higher Primates.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Two to Tango: Co-evolution of Hominid Natural Killer Cell Receptors and MHC.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Nomenclature for the KIR of non-human species.Immunogenetics · 2018Article
- AIDS in chimpanzees: the role of MHC genes.Immunogenetics · 2017Review
- Missing or altered self: human NK cell receptors that recognize HLA-C.Immunogenetics · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells serve essential functions in immunity and reproduction. Diversifying these functions within individuals and populations are rapidly-evolving interactions between highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I ligands and variable NK cell receptors. Specific to simian primates is the family of Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR), which recognize MHC class I and associate with a range of human diseases. Because KIR have considerable species-specificity and are lacking from common animal models, we performed extensive comparison of the systems of KIR and MHC class I interaction in humans and chimpanzees. Although of similar complexity, they differ in genomic organization, gene content, and diversification mechanisms, mainly because of human-specific specialization in the KIR that recognizes the C1 and C2 epitopes of MHC-B and -C. Humans uniquely focused KIR recognition on MHC-C, while losing C1-bearing MHC-B. Reversing this trend, C1-bearing HLA-B46 was recently driven to unprecedented high frequency in Southeast Asia. Chimpanzees have a variety of ancient, avid, and predominantly inhibitory receptors, whereas human receptors are fewer, recently evolved, and combine avid inhibitory receptors with attenuated activating receptors. These differences accompany human-specific evolution of the A and B haplotypes that are under balancing selection and differentially function in defense and reproduction. Our study shows how the qualitative differences that distinguish the human and chimpanzee systems of KIR and MHC class I predominantly derive from adaptations on the human line in response to selective pressures placed on human NK cells by the competing needs of defense and reproduction.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.