Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21076393›Full record

ArticleNature medicine2010

Noninvasive multiphoton fluorescence microscopy resolves retinol and retinal condensation products in mouse eyes.

Grazyna Palczewska, Tadao Maeda, Yoshikazu Imanishi, Wenyu Sun, Yu Chen, David R Williams, David W Piston, Akiko Maeda, Krzysztof Palczewski

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature medicine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed
9.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  6. Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025
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  12. Genome editing in the treatment of ocular diseases.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2023
    Review
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  17. Biomedical optics express · 2022
    Article
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  20. Review

1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Grazyna PalczewskaPolgenix, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. gpalczewska@polgenixinc.com
Tadao Maeda
Yoshikazu Imanishi
Wenyu Sun
Yu Chen
David R Williams
David W Piston
Akiko Maeda
Krzysztof Palczewski
Case Western Reserve University · USPolgenix (United States) · USUniversity of Rochester · USVanderbilt University · US

Funding

TISSUE CULTURE AND HYBRIDOMA MODULEP30EY011373 · NEI · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI Irina A Pikuleva · 1997 to 2026
$17.7M
STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF ARRESTINSR01EY009339 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI KISER, PHILIP DAVID, PALCZEWSKI, KRZYSZTOF · 1992 to 2025
$16.0M
REGULATION OF RHODOPSIN KINASE AND GUANYLATE CYCLASER01EY008061 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI PALCZEWSKI, KRZYSZTOF · 1994 to 2014
$9.5M
Retinal degeneration diseases and the visual retinoid cycleK08EY019031 · NEI · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI MAEDA, AKIKO · 2008 to 2012
$430k
Genetics and Therapy of Age-related Retinal Dysfunction in A/J MiceK08EY019880 · NEI · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI MAEDA, TADAO · 2010 to 2013
$324k
Subcellular imaging of biochemical processes within human retinaR43EY020715 · NEI · POLGENIX, INC. · PI PALCZEWSKA, GRAZYNA MARTA · 2010 to 2010
$188k
RHODOPSIN KINASE: REGULATION, FUNCTION AND STRUCTURER29EY008061 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI PALCZEWSKI, KRZYSZTOF NMI · 1989 to 1993
–
NEI NIH HHS EY008061NEI NIH HHS EY009339NEI NIH HHS EY019031NEI NIH HHS EY019880NEI NIH HHS EY020715NEI NIH HHS K08 EY019031NEI NIH HHS K08 EY019880NEI NIH HHS P30 EY011373NEI NIH HHS P30 EY11373NEI NIH HHS R01 EY008061NEI NIH HHS R01 EY009339NEI NIH HHS R43 EY020715
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy (MPM) can image certain molecular processes in vivo. In the eye, fluorescent retinyl esters in subcellular structures called retinosomes mediate regeneration of the visual chromophore, 11-cis-retinal, by the visual cycle. But harmful fluorescent condensation products of retinoids also occur in the retina. We report that in wild-type mice, excitation with a wavelength of ∼730 nm identified retinosomes in the retinal pigment epithelium, and excitation with a wavelength of ∼910 nm revealed at least one additional retinal fluorophore. The latter fluorescence was absent in eyes of genetically modified mice lacking a functional visual cycle, but accentuated in eyes of older wild-type mice and mice with defective clearance of all-trans-retinal, an intermediate in the visual cycle. MPM, a noninvasive imaging modality that facilitates concurrent monitoring of retinosomes along with potentially harmful products in aging eyes, has the potential to detect early molecular changes due to age-related macular degeneration and other defects in retinoid metabolism.

Indexed as

AnimalsEyeLipoproteinsMiceMicroscopy, Fluorescence, MultiphotonPyridinium CompoundsRetinal Pigment EpitheliumRetinoidsRetinol-Binding ProteinsRetinyl EstersVitamin AA2-E (N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine)LipoproteinsPyridinium CompoundsRetinoidsRetinol-Binding Proteinsretinyl ester lipoprotein complexRetinyl EstersVitamin A

Identifiers

PMID21076393
PMCPMC3057900
OpenAlexW2162264610

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.