ArticleAIDS (London, England)2011
Progression and regression of premalignant cervical lesions in HIV-infected women from Soweto: a prospective cohort.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) on HPV Persistence and Cervical Cancer Progression Among Women with HPV/HIV Co-infection: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- The Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) on HPV Persistence and Cervical Cancer Progression Among Women with HPV/HIV Co-infection: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- HIV-positive women have higher risk of human papilloma virus infection, precancerous lesions, and cervical cancer.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Cervical cancer prevention and treatment research in Africa: a systematic review from a public health perspective.BMC women's health · 2016Pooled it
- Incidence and progression of cervical lesions in women with HIV: a systematic global review.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2014Pooled it
- Paracrine signals from HIV-1-infected immune cells reprogram cervical cancer pathways.iScience · 2026Article
- Spontaneous Regression of Cervical Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in the Northern Thai Population: Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on Regression Rates and Predictors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Cervical cancer screening in women living with HIV attending primary care clinics in a health district, South Africa: a descriptive cross-sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2022Review
- High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein and Regression of Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion: The Role of Low-grade Inflammation in Cervical Carcinogenesis.Journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- The Catastrophic HPV/HIV Dual Viral Oncogenomics in Concert with Dysregulated Alternative Splicing in Cervical Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Prevalence and correlates of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions among HIV-infected and uninfected women in Central Kenya.The Pan African medical journal · 2021Article
- Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus 2 co-presence severely dysregulates miRNA expression.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2021Article
- Association Between CD4 Count and Chemoradiation Therapy Outcomes Among Cervical Cancer Patients With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Observational
- Co-existence of Herpes simplex virus type 2 and two other oncoviruses is associated with cervical lesions in women living with HIV in South-Western Nigeria.African health sciences · 2020Article
- Cervical cancer awareness and presence of abnormal cytology among HIV-infected women on antiretroviral therapy in rural Andhra Pradesh, India.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2019Article
- The Impact of Human Papilloma Viruses, Matrix Metallo-Proteinases and HIV Protease Inhibitors on the Onset and Progression of Uterine Cervix Epithelial Tumors: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Cervical cancer risk and impact of Pap-based screening in HIV-positive women on antiretroviral therapy in Johannesburg, South Africa.International journal of cancer · 2017Article
- Inhibition of MMP-9 expression by ritonavir or saquinavir is associated with inactivation of the AKT/Fra-1 pathway in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia cells.Oncology letters · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo ascertain progression and regression of cervical dysplasia in HIV-infected women in Soweto.
designProspective cohort.
methodsWomen attending an HIV wellness clinic were offered cervical smears as part of care; smears were assessed using the Bethesda system. Those with high-grade lesions or worse were referred for colposcopy. Progression analyses included women with at least two smears at least 5.5 months apart. Hazard ratios were used to ascertain predictors of progression.
resultsTwo thousand, three hundred and twenty-five women had a baseline smear; their median age and CD4 cell count was 32 years and 312 cells/μl, respectively; 17% were taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); 62, 20 and 14% had normal, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), respectively. Of those with baseline normal or LSIL smears, 1074 had another smear; progression from normal to LSIL was 9.6/100 person-years (95% CI 8.3-11.1) and progression from normal or LSIL to HSIL was 4.6/100 person-years (95% CI 3.9-5.5). Of 225 women with LSIL at baseline and at least one subsequent smear at least 11.5 months later, 44.0% regressed to normal (21.2/100 person-years (95% CI 17.5-25.7)). Multivariate models suggested increasing risk for progression in women with CD4 cell count below 500 cells/μl and HAART may reduce the risk of progression [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.72 (0.52-0.99)].
conclusionHIV-infected women have high rates of prevalent and incident HSIL and LSIL with relatively low risk of regression to normal from LSIL. HAART appears to protect against progression. Our findings suggest cervical screening intervals should be less than 10 years - irrespective of age in women with CD4 cell counts below 500 cells/μl.
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Registered trials
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