ArticleJournal of bacteriology2011
XerCD-mediated site-specific recombination leads to loss of the 57-kilobase gonococcal genetic island.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- A small RNA fromVirulence · 2025Article
- The horizontal gene transfer of perchlorate reduction genomic island in three bacteria from an ecological niche.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Gonococcal Genetic Island in the GlobalMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- The Gonococcal Genetic Island defines distinct sub-populations ofMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Diversity of the type VI secretion systems in theMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Article
- The Neisseria gonorrhoeae Accessory Genome and Its Association with the Core Genome and Antimicrobial Resistance.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- The Xer activation factor of TLCΦ expands the possibilities for Xer recombination.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Characterization of the Chromosome Dimer Resolution Site in Caulobacter crescentus.Journal of bacteriology · 2019Article
- DNA processing by the MOBH family relaxase TraI encoded within the gonococcal genetic island.Nucleic acids research · 2019Article
- Article
- The invasive Neisseria meningitidis MenC CC103 from Brazil is characterized by an accessory gene repertoire.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Xer Site Specific Recombination: Double and Single Recombinase Systems.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- How Xer-exploiting mobile elements overcome cellular control.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- FtsK translocation permits discrimination between an endogenous and an imported Xer/dif recombination complex.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- Type I Interferon Induction by Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Dual Requirement of Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase and Toll-like Receptor 4.Cell reports · 2016Article
- Population-Dynamic Modeling of Bacterial Horizontal Gene Transfer by Natural Transformation.Biophysical journal · 2016Article
- The Perchlorate Reduction Genomic Island: Mechanisms and Pathways of Evolution by Horizontal Gene Transfer.BMC genomics · 2015Article
- A novel family of integrases associated with prophages and genomic islands integrated within the tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase A (dusA) gene.Nucleic acids research · 2015Article
- Mobile DNA in the pathogenicMicrobiology spectrum · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Most strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae carry the 57-kb gonococcal genetic island (GGI), as do a few strains of Neisseria meningitidis. The GGI is inserted into the chromosome at the dif site (difA) and is flanked by a partial repeat of the dif site (difB). Since dif is a sequence recognized by the site-specific recombinases XerC and XerD and the GGI shows evidence of horizontal acquisition, we hypothesized that the GGI may be acquired or lost by XerCD-mediated site-specific recombination. We show that while the GGI flanked by wild-type dif sites, difA and difB, is not readily lost from the gonococcal chromosome, the substitution of difB with another copy of difA allows the frequent excision and loss of the GGI. In mutants carrying two difA sites (difA(+) difA(+)), the GGI can be detected as an extrachromosomal circle that exists transiently. A mutation of xerD diminished GGI excision from the chromosome of a difA(+) difA(+) strain, while mutations in recA or type IV secretion genes had no effect on the loss of the GGI. These data indicate that the GGI is maintained by the replication of the chromosome and that GGI excision and loss are dependent upon the dif sequence and xerD. The detection of a circular form of the GGI in a wild-type strain suggests that GGI excision may occur naturally and could function to facilitate GGI transfer. These data suggest a model of GGI excision and loss explaining the absence of the GGI from some gonococcal strains and the maintenance of variant GGIs in some gonococcal and meningococcal isolates.
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