ArticleJournal of psychiatric research2011
Unpaired extinction: implications for treating post-traumatic stress disorder.
Article in Journal of psychiatric research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- From the Frontline to the Homefront: The Experience of Israeli Veterans.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Review
- Inactivation of the interpositus nucleus during unpaired extinction does not prevent extinction of conditioned eyeblink responses or conditioning-specific reflex modification.Behavioral neuroscience · 2019Article
- Sex differences in a rabbit eyeblink conditioning model of PTSD.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2018Article
- Cotinine: A Therapy for Memory Extinction in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Review
- Propranolol produces short-term facilitation of extinction in a rabbit model of post-traumatic stress disorder.Neuropharmacology · 2018Article
- Delayed unpaired extinction as a treatment for hyperarousal of the rabbit nictitating membrane response and its implications for treating PTSD.Journal of psychiatric research · 2018Article
- Grouping subjects based on conditioning criteria reveals differences in acquisition rates and in strength of conditioning-specific reflex modification.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2017Article
- Effects of systemic glutamatergic manipulations on conditioned eyeblink responses and hyperarousal in a rabbit model of post-traumatic stress disorder.Behavioural pharmacology · 2017Article
- Effects of extinction treatments on the reduction of conditioned responding and conditioned hyperarousal in a rabbit model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Behavioral neuroscience · 2015Article
- Eyeblink classical conditioning and post-traumatic stress disorder - a model systems approach.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2015Review
- Unconditioned stimulus revaluation to promote conditioned fear extinction in the memory reconsolidation window.PloS one · 2014Article
- Ontogeny of trace eyeblink conditioning to shock-shock pairings in the rat pup.Behavioral neuroscience · 2013Article
- Inactivation of the central nucleus of the amygdala blocks classical conditioning but not conditioning-specific reflex modification of rabbit heart rate.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2013Article
- Subacute fluoxetine enhances conditioned responding and conditioning-specific reflex modification of the rabbit nictitating membrane response: implications for drug treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.Behavioural pharmacology · 2013Article
- Predictors of susceptibility and resilience in an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder.Behavioral neuroscience · 2012Article
- Incubation of conditioning-specific reflex modification: implications for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.Journal of psychiatric research · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Extinction of fear is important for treating stress-related conditions particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although traditional extinction presents the feared stimulus by itself, there is evidence from both clinical and basic research that repeatedly presenting the feared stimulus by itself does not prevent fear from returning. This renewal or relapse can be "thwarted" by unpaired extinction-presentations of the feared stimulus and the event producing the fear. However, no matter how effective standard unpaired extinction may be in the laboratory, repeated presentation of a traumatic event is untenable. To make an unpaired extinction procedure more clinically relevant, we classically conditioned the rabbit nictitating membrane response using electrical stimulation or air puff as the unconditioned stimulus and then during unpaired extinction reduced both the intensity of the unconditioned stimulus and the days of unpaired stimulus presentations. We found unpaired extinction reduced conditioned and exaggerated unconditioned responding (an animal analog of PTSD called conditioning-specific reflex modification) and could be accomplished with a weak unconditioned stimulus as long as extended presentations were used. Surprisingly, brief presentations of a weak unconditioned stimulus or extended presentations of a strong one made the exaggerated responses stronger. One implication is that brief treatment may not just be ineffectual; it may heighten the symptoms of PTSD. Another implication is that using strong stimuli may also heighten those symptoms.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.