ReviewImmunology2011
Evolution of CD33-related siglecs: regulating host immune functions and escaping pathogen exploitation?
Review in Immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations Between Genetic Variants in 19p13 and 19q13 Regions and Susceptibility to Alzheimer Disease: A Meta-Analysis.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2016Pooled it
- Immune cell phenotypes in the context of diabetic nephropathy: A Mendelian randomization analysis.Medicine · 2026Article
- Causal relationships between plasma metabolites and prostate cancer: A Mendelian randomization study exploring immune and inflammatory mediators.Current urology · 2026Article
- Neutrophil CEACAMs and the Inflammatory Response toJournal of innate immunity · 2026Review
- Glycan-encoded immune checkpoints and allorecognition: a mechanistic framework for transplantation and organ engineering.Frontiers in transplantation · 2026Review
- Advancing Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Covalent Immobilization of a Comprehensive Ganglio-glycosphingolipid Library Enables Functional Multiplex Bead Assays.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Discovery and characterization of vertebrate sialoglycan-binding proteins.Seminars in immunology · 2025Review
- The Role of Glycans in Human Immunity-A Sweet Code.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Tumor glyco-immunology, glyco-immune checkpoints and immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Causal association of circulating immune cells with nephrotic syndrome: evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.International urology and nephrology · 2025Article
- High-dimensional spectral flow cytometry of activation and phagocytosis by peripheral human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Advances in the Understanding of the Correlation Between Neuroinflammation and Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2024Review
- Uncloaking the viral glycocalyx: How do viruses exploit glycoimmune checkpoints?Advances in virus research · 2024Review
- How do immune cells shape type 1 diabetes? Insights from Mendelian randomization.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Review
- Human sialoglycan ligands for immune inhibitory Siglecs.Molecular aspects of medicine · 2023Review
- Siglecs in allergy and asthma.Molecular aspects of medicine · 2023Review
- Uncovering Signals of Positive Selection in Peruvian Populations from Three Ecological Regions.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Human brain sialoglycan ligand for CD33, a microglial inhibitory Siglec implicated in Alzheimer's disease.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2022Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins, siglecs, are important immune receptors expressed widely in mammals. A unique feature of siglecs is their ability to bind sialylated glycans and transmit signals to immune cells. The CD33-related siglecs (CD33rSiglecs) form a major subfamily of the siglecs, containing a large, rapidly evolving group of genes that expanded in mammals through an inverse duplication event involving a primordial cluster of siglec genes over 180 million years ago. Humans express a much larger set of CD33rSiglecs than mice and rats, a feature that can be explained by a dramatic loss of CD33rSiglec genes in rodents. Most CD33rSiglecs have immune receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs and signal negatively. Interestingly, novel DAP-12-coupled 'activating' CD33rSiglecs have been identified, such as siglec-14 and siglec-16, which are paired with the inhibitory receptors, siglec-5 and siglec-11, respectively. The evolution of these activating receptors may have been driven in part by pathogen exploitation of inhibitory siglecs, thereby providing the host with additional pathways by which to combat these pathogens. Inhibitory siglecs seem to play important and varied roles in the regulation of host immune responses. For example, several CD33rSiglecs have been implicated in the negative regulation of Toll-like receptor signalling during innate responses; siglec-G functions as a negative regulator of B1-cell expansion and appears to suppress inflammatory responses to host-derived 'danger-associated molecular patterns'. Recent work has also shown that engagement of neutrophil-expressed siglec-9 by certain strains of sialylated Group B streptococci can suppress killing responses, thereby providing experimental support for pathogen exploitation of host CD33rSiglecs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.