ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2011
Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, insulin index, fiber and whole-grain intake in relation to risk of prostate cancer.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Whole Grains, Refined Grains, and Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Association of whole grain intake with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis from prospective cohort studies.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2018Pooled it
- Consumption of whole grains and cereal fiber in relation to cancer risk: a systematic review of longitudinal studies.Nutrition reviews · 2016Pooled it
- No association between fiber intake and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.World journal of surgical oncology · 2015Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Estimating insulin demand for protein-containing foods using the food insulin index.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2014Trial
- A high dietary glycemic index increases total mortality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.PloS one · 2014Trial
- Dietary carbohydrate, glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of prostate cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) cohort.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2011Trial
- Whole Grains Perspective: Porridge or Popcorn.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Review
- The association between dietary insulin index and load with depression, anxiety and stress in university students: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evaluating recommendation-based dietary and physical activity strategies for prostate cancer prevention: a target trial emulation in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Dietary Fiber Intake and Risk of Advanced and Aggressive Forms of Prostate Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 15 Prospective Cohort Studies.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2025Article
- Dietary insulin load and index in relation to incident gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Higher insoluble fiber intake is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer: results from the PLCO cohort.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Dietary Approach of Patients with Hormone-Related Cancer Based on the Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Estimates.Nutrients · 2023Review
- The association of dietary insulin load and index with the risk of cancer and cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2022Review
- Adolescent Plant Product Intake in Relation to Later Prostate Cancer Risk and Mortality in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- A nutrient-wide association study for risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition and the Netherlands Cohort Study.European journal of nutrition · 2020Article
- Insulin Reduces the Efficacy of Vemurafenib and Trametinib in Melanoma Cells.Cancer management and research · 2020Article
- Pre-diagnostic carbohydrate intake and treatment failure after radical prostatectomy for early-stage prostate cancer.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveInsulin may play a role in prostate cancer tumorigenesis. Postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses of foods depend importantly on the carbohydrate quality and quantity, represented by glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), fiber and whole-grain content, but are also influenced by intake of protein and other characteristics. The recently developed insulin index (II) quantifies the postprandial insulin secretion, also taking into account these additional characteristics.
methodsWe investigated the association between dietary GI, GL, II, fiber, and whole grains and risk of total prostate cancer (n = 5,112) and subgroups of prostate cancer as defined by stage or grade in 49,934 male participants of the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression.
resultsDietary GI, GL, II, or fiber was not associated with risk of total or subgroups of prostate cancer. We observed a positive association between dietary intake of whole grains and total prostate cancer (HR highest versus lowest quintile 1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.24), which was attenuated after restriction to PSA-screened participants (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.91-1.17).
conclusionsThese results suggest that long-term exposure to a diet with a high insulin response does not affect prostate cancer incidence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.