ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2011
Immunohistochemical examination of intracerebral aquaporin-4 expression and its application for differential diagnosis between freshwater and saltwater drowning.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Application of Aquaporins as Markers in Forensic Pathology: A Systematic Review of the Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Immunohistochemical cerebral cortex expression of aquaporin 4, aquaporin 5, aquaporin 9 Vasopressin and GFAP in saltwater drowning and freshwater drowning.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Differential Expression of Apoptosis-Stimulating Proteins of p53 (ASPPs) Between Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis and Langerhans Cell Sarcoma.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Forensic neuropathology in the past decade: a scoping literature review.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2024Article
- Forensic Diagnosis of Freshwater or Saltwater Drowning Using the Marker Aquaporin 5: An Immunohistochemical Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Intrathrombotic appearances of AQP-1 and AQP-3 in relation to thrombus age in murine deep vein thrombosis model.International journal of legal medicine · 2021Article
- Mini Review: Forensic Value of Aquaporines.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Immunohistochemical renal expression of aquaporin 2, arginine-vasopressin, vasopressin receptor 2, and renin in saltwater drowning and freshwater drowning.International journal of legal medicine · 2020Article
- Forensic application of epidermal AQP3 expression to determination of wound vitality in human compressed neck skin.International journal of legal medicine · 2018Article
- Investigation of Drowning Deaths: A Practical Review.Academic forensic pathology · 2018Review
- Immunohistochemical analysis on aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-3 in skin wounds from the aspects of wound age determination.International journal of legal medicine · 2018Article
- Distinction between saltwater drowning and freshwater drowning by assessment of sinus fluid on post-mortem computed tomography.European radiology · 2016Article
- Immunohistochemical analysis on MMP-2 and MMP-9 for wound age determination.International journal of legal medicine · 2015Article
- FVIIIra, CD15, and tryptase performance in the diagnosis of skin stab wound vitality in forensic pathology.International journal of legal medicine · 2013Article
- Immunohistochemical detection of uPA, tPA, and PAI-1 in a stasis-induced deep vein thrombosis model and its application to thrombus age estimation.International journal of legal medicine · 2012Article
- Immunohistochemical analysis on cyclooxygenase-2 for wound age determination.International journal of legal medicine · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human brain samples were collected from 70 autopsy cases including 22 freshwater drowning (FWD), 26 saltwater drowning (SWD), and 22 non-drowning cases as controls. Then, immunohistochemical study combined with morphometry was carried out in order to examine the differential expression of AQP1 and AQP4 in the brain samples. Immunohistochemically, star-shaped cells bearing highly branched processes, often surrounding blood vessels, showed positive reactions for AQP1 and AQP4 in FWD, SWD, as well as control groups. Additionally, with double-color immunofluorescence analysis, AQP1- or AQP4-positive cells could be identified as GFAP-positive astrocytes. Moreover, AQP1-positive reaction was also observed in blood vessels. Morphometrically, there were no significant differences in AQP1 expression in astrocytes or in blood vessels among the three groups. In contrast, the average value of AQP4-positive astrocytes was significantly higher in FWD cases than in SWD and control groups. Moreover, AQP4 expression was significantly lower in SWD than in the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was no significant correlation between post-submerged interval and AQP expression in drowning cases. Therefore, immunohistochemical analysis of intracerebral AQP4 expression would be forensically useful for differentiation between FWD and SWD.
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