Trial reportCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2011
Effect of oral snus and medicinal nicotine in smokers on toxicant exposure and withdrawal symptoms: a feasibility study.
Trial report in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT00469079 (Comparing the Health Effects of Smokeless Tobacco, Cigarette Smoking, and New Tobacco Products Advertised as Safer Alternatives Part of Tobacco Exposure Reduction), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparing the Health Effects of Smokeless Tobacco, Cigarette Smoking, and New Tobacco Products Advertised as Safer Alternatives Part of Tobacco Exposure Reduction
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Randomized Clinical Trial of Snus Examining the Effect of Complete Versus Partial Cigarette Substitution on Smoking-Related Behaviors, and Biomarkers of Exposure.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- RJ Reynolds has not published a negative randomised clinical trial of Camel Snus for smoking cessation.Tobacco control · 2017Trial
- Snus undermines quit attempts but not abstinence: a randomised clinical trial among US smokers.Tobacco control · 2017Trial
- Caregivers' interest in using smokeless tobacco products: Novel methods that may reduce children's exposure to secondhand smoke.Journal of health psychology · 2016Trial
- Perceived Health Risks of Snus and Medicinal Nicotine Products.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Trial
- Randomised clinical trial of snus versus medicinal nicotine among smokers interested in product switching.Tobacco control · 2016Trial
- Switching from usual brand cigarettes to a tobacco-heating cigarette or snus: Part 2. Biomarkers of exposure.Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals · 2015Trial
- Public education about the relative harm of tobacco products: an intervention for tobacco control professionals.Tobacco control · 2014Trial
- Oral tobacco products: preference and effects among smokers.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2011Trial
- Narrative Review of Novel Nicotine-Delivery Systems and Emerging Pharmaceuticals for Tobacco Cessation.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Intention to purchase alternative tobacco products as a function of smoking status and responses to advertising, packaging, and sensory experiences.Addictive behaviors · 2022Article
- Consortium on Methods Evaluating Tobacco: Research Tools to Inform US Food and Drug Administration Regulation of Snus.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Review
- Perceptions of Snus Among US Adult Smokers Given Free Product.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Article
- Biomarkers of exposure to new and emerging tobacco delivery products.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2017Review
- Naturalistic assessment of demand for cigarettes, snus, and nicotine gum.Psychopharmacology · 2017Article
- Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarettes smoked by the participants of the Shanghai Cohort Study.International journal of cancer · 2016Article
- Animal models to assess the abuse liability of tobacco products: effects of smokeless tobacco extracts on intracranial self-stimulation.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2015Article
- Patterns and correlates of polytobacco use in the United States over a decade: NSDUH 2002-2011.Addictive behaviors · 2014Article
- Subjective responses to oral tobacco products: scale validation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSmokeless, spitless tobacco products are being introduced and marketed as cigarette substitutes. Data are needed regarding how smokers interested in cessation would use these products, the levels of resultant toxicant exposure, and the feasibility of using these products as aids for tobacco cessation.
methodsSmokers were randomized to receive Camel Snus (n = 51), Taboka (n = 52), or medicinal nicotine (n = 27) and required to quit smoking for 4 weeks. Measures of toxicant exposure and symptoms of craving and withdrawal were assessed prior to and during product use.
resultsConcentrations of exhaled carbon monoxide, urinary cotinine, urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronides (total NNAL), and urinary N'-nitrosonornicotine and its glucuronide (total NNN) were significantly (P values <0.05) lower at the end of treatment in each group except for total NNN in those receiving Camel Snus (P = 0.066). A significant group × time effect was observed for total NNAL concentrations (P = 0.002) with the decrease greatest in the medicinal nicotine group and smallest decrease in the Camel Snus group. No significant differences between groups were found in craving and withdrawal symptoms.
conclusionsEnrolling smokers into a cessation study utilizing newer smokeless tobacco products is feasible. Camel Snus and Taboka use was not found to be superior to medicinal nicotine in reducing withdrawal symptoms but decreases in NNAL were smaller in users of Camel Snus. IMPACT: This study demonstrates the feasibility of conducting a smoking cessation study utilizing these newer tobacco products. An appropriately powered study is needed to assess smoking cessation rates using these newer products compared with established, safer products such as medicinal nicotine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.