Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21068053›Full record

ArticleStatistical methods in medical research2012

On causal inference in the presence of interference.

Eric J Tchetgen Tchetgen, Tyler J VanderWeele

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Statistical methods in medical research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
133citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

133 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Marginal structural models for multilevel clustered data.Biostatistics (Oxford, England) · 2022
    Pooled it
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  4. Changing climates of conflict: A social network experiment in 56 schools.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016
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  15. Institutional spillover effects of antimicrobial use on antimicrobial resistance andAntimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026
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  20. Toward New Directions in Human Biology: A Roadmap for Anthropological Causal Inference With Observational Data.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025
    Article

73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Eric J Tchetgen TchetgenDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. etchetgen@gmail.com
Tyler J VanderWeele

Funding

Theory and methods for sufficient cause interactionsR01ES017876 · NIEHS · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI VANDERWEELE, TYLER · 2010 to 2014
$1.2M
NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES017876
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Interference is said to be present when the exposure or treatment received by one individual may affect the outcomes of other individuals. Such interference can arise in settings in which the outcomes of the various individuals come about through social interactions. When interference is present, causal inference is rendered considerably more complex, and the literature on causal inference in the presence of interference has just recently begun to develop. In this article we summarise some of the concepts and results from the existing literature and extend that literature in considering new results for finite sample inference, new inverse probability weighting estimators in the presence of interference and new causal estimands of interest.

Indexed as

CausalityData Interpretation, StatisticalModels, StatisticalBiomedical ResearchCommunicable DiseasesHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicVaccination

Identifiers

PMID21068053
PMCPMC4216807

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.