ArticleBMC medicine2010
Analysis of sex and gender-specific research reveals a common increase in publications and marked differences between disciplines.
Article in BMC medicine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Sex and gender classification in clinical decision-support tools: a cross-sectional review of tools on MDCalc.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Addressing gender disparities in the efficacy of psychological interventions for behavioral addictions: protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Article
- eHealth in the Management of Depressive Episodes in Catalonia's Primary Care From 2017 to 2022: Retrospective Observational Study.JMIR mental health · 2024Observational
- An expert perspective on diversity-oriented standards for assessing sex and gender in clinical research.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Operationalization and Reporting Practices in Manuscripts Addressing Gender Differences in Biomedical Research: A Cross-Sectional Bibliographical Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Awareness of sex and gender dimensions among physicians: the European federation of internal medicine assessment of gender differences in Europe (EFIM-IMAGINE) survey.Internal and emergency medicine · 2022Article
- Considering sex and gender in Epidemiology: a challenge beyond terminology. From conceptual analysis to methodological strategies.Biology of sex differences · 2022Review
- Does Journal Content in the Field of Women's Health Represent Women's Burden of Disease? A Review of Publications in 2010 and 2020.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2022Review
- Editorial: Sex and Gender Aspects in Diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Article
- Measuring the data gap: inclusion of sex and gender reporting in diabetes research.Research integrity and peer review · 2019Article
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in Graft Loss Among Female Liver Transplant Recipients.Transplantation proceedings · 2018Article
- Using e-health in perioperative care: a survey study investigating shortcomings in current perioperative care and possible future solutions.BMC surgery · 2017Article
- Incorporating sex, gender and vulnerable populations in a large multisite health research programme: The Ontario Pharmacy Evidence Network as a case study.Health research policy and systems · 2017Article
- The Sex and Gender Intersection in Chronic Periodontitis.Frontiers in public health · 2017Article
- Essential metrics for assessing sex & gender integration in health research proposals involving human participants.PloS one · 2017Article
- Reporting of sex and gender in randomized controlled trials in Canada: a cross-sectional methods study.Research integrity and peer review · 2017Article
- Integrating and evaluating sex and gender in health research.Health research policy and systems · 2016Article
- A global call for action to include gender in research impact assessment.Health research policy and systems · 2016Article
- Sex and gender matter in health research: addressing health inequities in health research reporting.International journal for equity in health · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe incorporation of sex and gender-specific analysis in medical research is increasing due to pressure from public agencies, funding bodies, and the clinical and research community. However, generations of knowledge and publication trends in this discipline are currently spread over distinct specialties and are difficult to analyze comparatively.
methodsUsing a text-mining approach, we have analysed sex and gender aspects in research within nine clinical subspecialties--Cardiology, Pulmonology, Nephrology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Haematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, Neurology--using six paradigmatic diseases in each one. Articles have been classified into five pre-determined research categories--Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical research, Management and Outcomes. Additional information has been collected on the type of study (human/animal) and the number of subjects included. Of the 8,836 articles initially retrieved, 3,466 (39%) included sex and gender-specific research and have been further analysed.
resultsLiterature incorporating sex/gender analysis increased over time and displays a stronger trend if compared to overall publication increase. All disciplines, but cardiology (22%), demonstrated an underrepresentation of research about gender differences in management, which ranges from 3 to 14%. While the use of animal models for identification of sex differences in basic research varies greatly among disciplines, studies involving human subjects are frequently conducted in large cohorts with more than 1,000 patients (24% of all human studies).
conclusionsHeterogeneity characterizes sex and gender-specific research. Although large cohorts are often analysed, sex and gender differences in clinical management are insufficiently investigated leading to potential inequalities in health provision and outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.