ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2010
Anthrax lethal and edema toxins produce different patterns of cardiovascular and renal dysfunction and synergistically decrease survival in canines.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of adult animal models investigating ECMO use for ARDS: where to from here.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2025Review
- What Is Anthrax?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A Review of the Efficacy of FDA-ApprovedToxins · 2021Review
- Article
- Hydrocortisone decreases lethality and inflammatory cytokine and nitric oxide production in rats challenged with B. anthracis cell wall peptidoglycan.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2020Article
- Article
- Review
- Shock and lethality with anthrax edema toxin in rats are associated with reduced arterial responsiveness to phenylephrine and are reversed with adefovir.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2017Article
- Anthrax immune globulin improves hemodynamics and survival during B. anthracis toxin-induced shock in canines receiving titrated fluid and vasopressor support.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2017Article
- Bacillus anthracis Edema Toxin Increases Fractional Free Water and Sodium Reabsorption in an Isolated Perfused Rat Kidney Model.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Nitric oxide production contributes to Bacillus anthracis edema toxin-associated arterial hypotension and lethality: ex vivo and in vivo studies in the rat.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2016Article
- Review
- Raxibacumab augments hemodynamic support and improves outcomes during shock with B. anthracis edema toxin alone or together with lethal toxin in canines.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2015Article
- Bacillus anthracis edema but not lethal toxin challenge in rats is associated with depressed myocardial function in hearts isolated and tested in a Langendorff system.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2015Article
- Injectional anthrax at a Scottish district general hospital.Epidemiology and infection · 2015Article
- Acquired coagulant factor VIII deficiency induced by Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin in mice.Virulence · 2015Article
- Centers for disease control and prevention expert panel meetings on prevention and treatment of anthrax in adults.Emerging infectious diseases · 2014Article
- Molecular determinants for a cardiovascular collapse in anthrax.Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition) · 2014Review
- Anthrax lethal toxin induces acute diastolic dysfunction in rats through disruption of the phospholamban signaling network.International journal of cardiology · 2013Article
- B. anthracis associated cardiovascular dysfunction and shock: the potential contribution of both non-toxin and toxin components.BMC medicine · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHigh mortality in the 2001 US and recent European anthrax outbreaks suggests that better understanding of the effects of the toxins produced by this bacterium is needed to improve treatment. METHODS AND
resultsHere, 24-h edema (ETx) and lethal (LeTx) toxin infusions were investigated for 96 hin sedated canines receiving mechanical ventilation. The initial study compared similarly lethal doses of ETx (n=8) or LeTx (n=15) alone. ETx was 24 times less lethal than LeTx, and the median time to death in nonsurvivors (n=6 and n=9, respectively) was shorter with ETx (42 vs 67 h; P=.04). Compared with controls(n=9), both toxins decreased arterial and central venous pressures and systemic vascular resistance and increased heart rate, cardiac index, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level, creatinine (Cr) concentration, BUN:Cr ratio, and hepatic transaminase levels (P ≤ .05 for toxin effect or time interaction). However, ETx stimulated early diuresis,reduced serum sodium levels, and had more pronounced vasodilatory effects, compared with LeTx, as reflected by greater or earlier central venous pressures, systemic vascular resistance, and changes in the BUN:Cr ratio(P ≤ .01). LeTx progressively decreased the left ventricular ejection fraction (P ≤ .002). In a subsequent study, a lethal dose of LeTx with an equimolar nonlethal ETx dose (n=8) increased mortality, compared with LeTx alone (n=8; P= .05).
conclusionShock with ETx or LeTx may require differing supportive therapies, whereas toxin antagonists should likely target both toxins.
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