Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21062931›Full record

ArticleClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2010

Hypoexpression and epigenetic regulation of candidate tumor suppressor gene CADM-2 in human prostate cancer.

Guimin Chang, Shuping Xu, Rajiv Dhir, Uma Chandran, Denise S O'Keefe, Norman M Greenberg, Jeffrey R Gingrich

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 30% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  10. Genome-wide Interaction Study with Smoking for Colorectal Cancer Risk Identifies Novel Genetic Loci Related to Tumor Suppression, Inflammation, and Immune Response.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023
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  17. Joint analysis of lncRNA mCancer cell international · 2020
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Guimin ChangDepartment of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, 5200 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
Shuping Xu
Rajiv Dhir
Uma Chandran
Denise S O'Keefe
Norman M Greenberg
Jeffrey R Gingrich
Pfizer (United States) · USUniversity of Pittsburgh · US

Funding

Folate and PSMA Interact to Regulate DNA Methylation and Prostate CarcinogenesisR01CA138444 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI BACICH, DEAN JOHN, O'KEEFE, DENISE SUSAN · 2010 to 2014
$1.5M
Disruption of the Epigenome by Extremes of Dietary FolatesR21CA124892 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI O'KEEFE, DENISE SUSAN · 2007 to 2008
$327k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA138444NCI NIH HHS R21 CA124892
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeCell adhesion molecules (CADM) comprise a newly identified protein family whose functions include cell polarity maintenance and tumor suppression. CADM-1, CADM-3, and CADM-4 have been shown to act as tumor suppressor genes in multiple cancers including prostate cancer. However, CADM-2 expression has not been determined in prostate cancer. EXPERIMENTAL

designThe CADM-2 gene was cloned and characterized and its expression in human prostatic cell lines and cancer specimens was analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR and an immunohistochemical tissue array, respectively. The effects of adenovirus-mediated CADM-2 expression on prostate cancer cells were also investigated. CADM-2 promoter methylation was evaluated by bisulfite sequencing and methylation-specific PCR.

resultsWe report the initial characterization of CADM-2 isoforms: CADM-2a and CADM-2b, each with separate promoters, in human chromosome 3p12.1. Prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and DU145, expressed negligible CADM-2a relative to primary prostate tissue and cell lines, RWPE-1 and PPC-1, whereas expression of CADM-2b was maintained. Using immunohistochemistry, tissue array results from clinical specimens showed statistically significant decreased expression in prostate carcinoma compared with normal donor prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and normal tissue adjacent to tumor (P < 0.001). Adenovirus-mediated CADM-2a expression suppressed DU145 cell proliferation in vitro and colony formation in soft agar. The decrease in CADM-2a mRNA in cancer cell lines correlated with promoter region hypermethylation as determined by bisulfite sequencing and methylation-specific PCR. Accordingly, treatment of cells with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine alone or in combination with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A resulted in the reactivation of CADM-2a expression.

conclusionsCADM-2a protein expression is significantly reduced in prostate cancer. Its expression is regulated in part by promoter methylation and implicates CADM-2 as a previously unrecognized tumor suppressor gene in a proportion of human prostate cancers.

Indexed as

Epigenesis, GeneticGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCell Adhesion MoleculesCell ProliferationCloning, MolecularDNA MethylationHumansImmunohistochemistryMaleMiddle AgedPromoter Regions, GeneticProstatic NeoplasmsCADM2 protein, humanCell Adhesion MoleculesRecombinant ProteinsRNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID21062931
PMCPMC3541035
OpenAlexW2102948810

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.