ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2012
The natural course and outcome of major depressive disorder in primary care: the PREDICT-NL study.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Measurement Properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 and Somatic Symptom Scale-8: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Physical Exercise on Executive Function in Adults with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life-A Systematic Review of Evidence from Longitudinal Observational Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Depression Questionnaires for Cardiac Populations: IMPLICATIONS FOR CARDIAC REHABILITATION.Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention · 2019Pooled it
- The effect of a scenario-based cognitive behavioral therapy mobile app on end-stage kidney disease patients on dialysis.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Longitudinal validation of the Maudsley 3-item visual analogue scale (M3VAS): a new, brief, patient-reported outcome measure of depression.BJPsych open · 2025Article
- Predictors of Changes in Depressive Symptoms with Major Depressive Disorder - A Naturalistic 6-month Follow-up Study.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Article
- Inflammation and depression: A study protocol to dissect pathogenetic mechanisms in the onset, comorbidity and treatment response.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Collaborative depression care sensitive to the needs of underserved patients with cancer: Feasibility, acceptability and outcomes.Journal of psychosocial oncology · 2024Article
- Determinants of persistent symptoms after treatment for Lyme borreliosis: a prospective observational cohort study.EBioMedicine · 2023Observational
- Effect of Home-based Self-administered Transcranial Direct Stimulation in Patients with Mild to Moderate Major Depressive Disorder: A Single-arm, Multicentral Trial.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Treatment-Resistant Depression in America Latina study: one-year follow-up of treatment resistant depression patients under standard of care reveals insights on quality of life, disability, work impairment, and depressive symptoms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Depressive symptoms predict longitudinal changes of chronic inflammation at the transition to adulthood.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Swiss GPs' preferences for antidepressant treatment in mild depression: vignette-based quantitative analysis.BMC family practice · 2021Article
- Sex Difference in Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers in Drug-Naïve Patients with Major Depression in Young Adulthood.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Health outcomes and cost-effectiveness of treating depression in people with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: a model-based analysis.AIDS care · 2021Article
- Article
- Cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms in Fabry disease: A follow-up study.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2020Article
- Consequences of Recurrence of Major Depressive Disorder: Is Stopping Effective Antidepressant Medications Ever Safe?Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo examine the natural course and outcome of major depressive disorder (MDD) in primary care over 39 months.
methodsProspective cohort study of 1,338 consecutive attendees with follow-up after 6, 12, and 39 months with DSM-IV MDD using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). We measured severity of depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire 9), somatic symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire 15), and mental and physical function (Short Form 12, mental and physical component summary). Analysis of variance and random coefficient models were performed.
resultsAt baseline, 174 people (13%) had MDD of which 17% had a chronic and 40% had a fluctuating course, while 43% remitted. Patients with chronic courses had more severe depressive symptoms (mean difference 6.54; 95% CI 4.38-8.70), somatic symptoms (mean difference 3.31; 95% CI 1.61-5.02), and greater mental dysfunction (mean difference -10.49; 95% CI -14.42 to -6.57) at baseline than those who remitted from baseline, independent of age, sex, level of education, presence of a chronic disease, and a lifetime history of depression.
conclusionsAlthough 43% of patients with MDD attending primary care recover, this leaves a majority of patients (57%) who have a chronic or intermittent course. Chronic courses are associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms and somatic symptoms and greater mental dysfunction at baseline.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.