ArticleThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2011
Molecular analysis improves pathogen identification and epidemiologic study of pediatric parapneumonic empyema.
Article in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of Molecular Methods With Culture for Identifying Microbial Etiology in Pediatric Empyema Thoracis: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic Test Accuracy.Indian pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Microbial Etiology of Empyema Thoracis in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Indian pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical relevance of molecular testing methods in the diagnosis and guidance of therapy in patients with staphylococcal empyema: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Pooled it
- The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2011Guideline
- Identification and Quantification of Pathogens in Pleural Fluid from Children with Complicated Pneumonia using the BioFire® FilmArray® Pneumonia Panel.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2026Article
- Performance of the Xpert Xpress Strep A for detection ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- BinaxNOWClinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- Comparative study of plasma microbial cell-free DNA sequencing to culture and polymerase chain reaction in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia with parapneumonic effusion or empyema.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction to Characterize the Etiology of Culture-Negative Empyema and Parapneumonic Effusion Among Alaska Native Children-2018-2023.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2025Article
- Rapid detection of S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae in pleural fluid for diagnosis of parapneumonic empyema.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Article
- Children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia complicated by effusion: a single-centre retrospective cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Use of multiplex PCR in pleural effusion: is it necessary to change the paradigm of culture-based methods?Access microbiology · 2023Article
- Incipient empyema as an embolic complication of group A streptococcal septic arthritis in a patient with concomitant influenza B infection.Respirology case reports · 2022Article
- A challenging case of thoracic empyema caused byRespiratory medicine case reports · 2022Article
- Pneumococcal Serotype Identification by Capsular Sequence Typing (CST): A Modified Novel Approach for Serotyping Directly in Clinical Samples.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Rapid identification of pathogens associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia by Nanopore sequencing.Respiratory research · 2021Article
- Parainfluenza Virus Types 1-3 Infections Among Children and Adults Hospitalized With Community-acquired Pneumonia.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Streptococcal pneumonia-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome treated by T-antibody-negative plasma exchange in children: Two case reports.World journal of clinical cases · 2021Article
- Keep the old, in with the new: The changing face of pleural effusions.African journal of thoracic and critical care medicine · 2021Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundParapneumonic empyema (PPE) is an increasingly common complication of bacterial pneumonia. Epidemiologic study is complicated by the low frequency of positive cultures. We sought to describe the epidemiology of PPE in children using molecular analysis of pleural fluid.
methodsWe performed molecular testing for bacterial pathogens using archived pleural fluid from children hospitalized in 2009 with PPE. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant), Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae as well as PCR-based serotyping of S. pneumoniae was performed. Demographic, laboratory, and microbiologic data were abstracted.
resultsPleural fluid specimens from 63 children were available for PCR. By culture, a pathogen was isolated from blood and/or pleural fluid in 22 (35%) patients, with S. pneumoniae in 15 (24%), S. pyogenes in 3 (5%), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in 4 (6%). By PCR, a pathogen was detected in 53 (84%), including S. pneumoniae in 45 (71%). Compared with culture, PCR testing significantly increased detection of any pathogen (35% vs. 84%; P < 0.001) and of S. pneumoniae (24% vs. 71%; P < 0.001). Serotype 7F was the most common pneumococcal serotype detected. Comparison of culture-negative to culture-positive disease showed differences in both the pathogen profile and clinical outcomes.
conclusionsMolecular analysis of pleural fluid more than doubled the detection of pathogens causing PPE. S. pneumoniae was the most common cause of both culture-positive and culture-negative PPE, although serotype distribution and outcomes differed.
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