ArticleMucosal immunology2011
Epithelial cell secretions from the human female reproductive tract inhibit sexually transmitted pathogens and Candida albicans but not Lactobacillus.
Article in Mucosal immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association of fungal infection in cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2026Pooled it
- Lower concentrations of chemotactic cytokines and soluble innate factors in the lower female genital tract associated with the use of injectable hormonal contraceptive.Journal of reproductive immunology · 2015Trial
- The Gut-Vagina Axis.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Female Reproductive Tract Organ-on-Chips: Modeling Barrier Function and Drug Transport.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Impact of gut microbiome on outcomes following endoscopic interventions in gastrointestinal disease.World journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy · 2025Article
- Impact ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Characterization of vaginal microbiota across female reproductive phases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Influence of connatural factors in shaping vaginal microflora and ensuring its health.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Review
- Morphology of the immune cells in the wall of the human uterine tube and their possible impact on reproduction-uterine tube as a possible immune privileged organ.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Dual wave of neutrophil recruitment determines the outcome ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Microbiota of female genital tract - functional overview of microbial flora from vagina to uterine tubes and placenta.Physiological research · 2022Review
- Human mucosal tissue-resident memory T cells in health and disease.Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- Do endometrial immune changes with age prior to menopause compromise fertility in women?Exploration of immunology · 2022Article
- The impact of aging on innate and adaptive immunity in the human female genital tract.Aging cell · 2021Review
- Distinct follicular and luteal transcriptional profiles in engineered human ectocervical tissue dependent on menstrual cycle phase.Biology of reproduction · 2020Article
- Chronic immune barrier dysregulation among women with a history of violence victimization.JCI insight · 2019Article
- Dysregulation in Genital Tract Soluble Immune Mediators in Postmenopausal Women Is Distinct by HIV Status.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2019Observational
- Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts from the Human Female Reproductive Tract Accumulate and Release TFV and TAF to Sustain Inhibition of HIV Infection of CD4+ T cells.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Surfactant Protein D Reverses the Gene Signature of Transepithelial HIV-1 Passage and Restricts the Viral Transfer Across the Vaginal Barrier.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Estradiol-regulated innate antiviral responses of human endometrial stromal fibroblasts.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Female reproductive tract (FRT) epithelial cells protect against potential pathogens and sexually transmitted infections. The purpose of this study was to determine if epithelial cells from the upper FRT secrete antimicrobials that inhibit reproductive tract pathogens that threaten women's health. Apical secretions from primary cultures of Fallopian tube, uterine, cervical, and ectocervical epithelial cells were incubated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Candida albicans (yeast and hyphal forms), human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), and Lactobacillus crispatus before being tested for their ability to grow and/or infect target cells. Epithelial cell secretions from the upper FRT inhibit N. gonorrhoeae and both forms of Candida, as well as reduce HIV-1 (R5) infection of target cells. In contrast, none had an inhibitory effect on L. crispatus. An analysis of cytokines and chemokines in uterine secretions revealed several molecules that could account for pathogen inhibition. These findings provide definitive evidence for the critical role of epithelial cells in protecting the FRT from infections, without comprising the beneficial presence of L. crispatus, which is part of the normal vaginal microflora of humans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.