ArticleThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2010
Incidence of typhoid bacteremia in infants and young children in southern coastal Pakistan.
Article in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global Typhoid Fever Incidence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Pooled it
- Revisiting typhoid fever surveillance in low and middle income countries: lessons from systematic literature review of population-based longitudinal studies.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Pooled it
- Systematic review of the global epidemiology, clinical and laboratory profile of enteric fever.Journal of global health · 2015Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Clinical profile of patients presenting with acute febrile illness during monsoon season for 3 successive years - A cross sectional observational study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- A contemporary genomic snapshot ofMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Article
- Ciprofloxacin resistance and bile-induced biofilm enhancement inNew microbes and new infections · 2025Article
- Isolation and characterization of phage ISTP3 for bio-control application against drug-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Quantifying antibiotic use in typhoid fever in India: a cross-sectional analysis of private sector medical audit data, 2013-2015.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial resistance among GLASS priority pathogens from Pakistan: 2006-2018.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Emerging Trends of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) and Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR)Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Burden of Culture Confirmed Enteric Fever Cases in Karachi, Pakistan: Surveillance For Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP), 2016-2019.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- The need & the issues related to new-generation typhoid conjugate vaccines in India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2020Review
- Ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella Typhi Outbreak in Hyderabad City of Sindh, Pakistan: High Time for the Introduction of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Bi-valent polysaccharides of Vi capsular and O9 O-antigen in attenuatedNPJ vaccines · 2018Article
- A forecast of typhoid conjugate vaccine introduction and demand in typhoid endemic low- and middle-income countries to support vaccine introduction policy and decisions.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2017Article
- Incidence of invasive salmonella disease in sub-Saharan Africa: a multicentre population-based surveillance study.The Lancet. Global health · 2017Article
- Changing Patterns in Enteric Fever Incidence and Increasing Antibiotic Resistance of Enteric Fever Isolates in the United States, 2008-2012.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe burden of typhoid fever in preschool children is not well recognized. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of typhoid bacteremia in Pakistani children <5 years of age, with a focus on children younger than 2 years of age. This will help to inform prevention policies in highly endemic countries.
methodsHousehold surveillance from February 1, 2007 to May 12, 2008, was carried out by community health workers in 2 low-income, coastal communities of Karachi. Workers referred each sick child <5 years old to the local clinic. Blood for culture was obtained from those who gave consent, and inoculated in BACTEC Peds Plus bottles (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD) and processed per manufacturer's guidelines.
resultsOverall, 5570 children contributed 3949 observation years. Blood culture was obtained from 1165 cases, yielding 36 pathogens. Salmonella Typhi was isolated in 16 cases, Salmonella Paratyphi A in 2 cases, and Salmonella Paratyphi B in 1 case. The incidence of typhoid bacteremia in children <2 years of age was 443.1 (95% confidence interval, 193.8-876.5) per 100,000 child years. The overall incidence rate of typhoid for children <5 years was 405.1 (95% confidence interval, 239.8-643.9) per 100,000 child years.
conclusionTyphoid is a common and significant cause of morbidity among young children in Pakistan, including children less than 2 years of age. Vaccines that provide protection to preschool children should be included in typhoid control efforts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
21046701PMC3073093W2000893610What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.