ArticlePlanta2011
Migration of sperm cells during pollen tube elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana: behavior during transport, maturation and upon dissociation of male germ unit associations.
Article in Planta, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- EARLY ABORTION 1 is an evolutionarily conserved gene required for plant reproduction.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Article
- Nuclear Entanglement: New Insights Into the Role of Cytoskeleton and Nucleoskeleton in Plant Nuclear Function.Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Effect of UV-B stress on olive (Olea europaea L.) pollen tubes: A study of callose plug deposition and male germ unit integrity.Protoplasma · 2025Article
- Bioimaging insights into structural pathways of cell-to-cell communication within the male (MGU) and female (FGU) germ units of Arabidopsis thaliana.Plant cell reports · 2025Article
- The male germ unit association is independently regulated of GUM inPlant direct · 2024Article
- Genetic control of generative cell shape by DUO1 in Arabidopsis.Plant reproduction · 2023Article
- The legacy of kinesins in the pollen tube 30 years later.Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2022Review
- Persistent directional growth capability in Arabidopsis thaliana pollen tubes after nuclear elimination from the apex.Nature communications · 2021Article
- A Tug-of-War Model Explains the Saltatory Sperm Cell Movement inFrontiers in plant science · 2020Article
- Epigenetic marks in the Hyacinthus orientalis L. mature pollen grain and during in vitro pollen tube growth.Plant reproduction · 2016Article
- Cis-Regulatory Elements Determine Germline Specificity and Expression Level of an Isopentenyltransferase Gene in Sperm Cells of Arabidopsis.Plant physiology · 2016Article
- Efficient plant male fertility depends on vegetative nuclear movement mediated by two families of plant outer nuclear membrane proteins.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Article
- Evaluation of rice promoters conferring pollen-specific expression in a heterologous system, Arabidopsis.Plant reproduction · 2014Article
- Using maize as a model to study pollen tube growth and guidance, cross-incompatibility and sperm delivery in grasses.Annals of botany · 2011Review
- Green love talks; cell-cell communication during double fertilization in flowering plants.AoB PLANTS · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The promoter sequence of sperm-expressed gene, PzIPT isolated from the S(vn) (sperm associated with the vegetative nucleus) of Plumbago zeylanica, was fused to a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter sequence and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana to better visualize the live behavior of angiosperm sperm cells. Angiosperm sperm cells are not independently motile, migrating in a unique cell-within-a-cell configuration within the pollen tube. Sperm cells occur in association with the vegetative nucleus forming a male germ unit (MGU). In Arabidopsis, GFP was expressed equally in both sperm cells and was observed using a spinning disk confocal microscope, which allowed long duration observation of cells without bleaching or visible laser radiation damage. Pollen activation is reflected by conspicuous movement of sperm and pollen cytoplasm. Upon pollen germination, sperm cells enter the forming tube and become oriented, typically with a sperm cytoplasmic projection leading the sperm cells in the MGU, which remains intact throughout normal pollen tube elongation. Maturational changes, including vacuolization, general rounding and entry into G2, were observed during in vitro culture. When MGUs were experimentally disrupted by mild temperature elevation, sperm cells no longer tracked the growth of the tube and separated from the MGU, providing critical direct evidence that the MGU is a functional unit required for sperm transmission.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.