ArticleGastroenterology2011
Sporadic reappearance of minute amounts of hepatitis C virus RNA after successful therapy stimulates cellular immune responses.
Article in Gastroenterology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Regulatory polymorphism of CXCL10 rs1439490 in seronegative occult hepatitis C virus infection.World journal of gastroenterology · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Hepatitis C virus relapse after successful treatment with direct-acting antivirals, followed by sarcomatous changes in hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2020Article
- Evaluation of hepatitis C viral RNA persistence in HIV-infected patients with long-term sustained virological response by droplet digital PCR.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Long-term follow-up after cure from chronic hepatitis C virus infection shows occult hepatitis and a risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in noncirrhotic patients.European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2019Article
- Insights From Antiviral Therapy Into Immune Responses to Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection.Gastroenterology · 2019Review
- Modeling how reversal of immune exhaustion elicits cure of chronic hepatitis C after the end of treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents.Immunology and cell biology · 2018Article
- According to Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection Stage, Interleukin-7 Plus 4-1BB Triggering Alone or Combined with PD-1 Blockade Increases TRAF1Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Modeling HCV cure after an ultra-short duration of therapy with direct acting agents.Antiviral research · 2017Article
- Current progress in host innate and adaptive immunity against hepatitis C virus infection.Hepatology international · 2017Review
- Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Chronic HCV Infection.Current drug targets · 2017Review
- Prevalence of end of treatment RNA-positive/sustained viral response in HCV patients treated with sofosbuvir combination therapies.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2017Article
- Longitudinal evaluation of hepatitis C viral persistence in HIV-infected patients with spontaneous hepatitis C clearance.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2015Article
- Modelling hepatitis C therapy--predicting effects of treatment.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2015Review
- Hepatitis C virus: Is it time to say goodbye yet? Perspectives and challenges for the next decade.World journal of hepatology · 2015Review
- Hepatitis C virus-specific cytotoxic T cell response restoration after treatment-induced hepatitis C virus control.World journal of gastroenterology · 2015Review
- T-cell immunity and hepatitis C virus reinfection after cure of chronic hepatitis C with an interferon-free antiviral regimen in a chimpanzee.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2014Article
- Immune control and failure in HCV infection--tipping the balance.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2014Review
- Trace amounts of sporadically reappearing HCV RNA can cause infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2014Article
- Adaptive immune response during hepatitis C virus infection.World journal of gastroenterology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsSeveral studies have reported hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA sequences in the circulation after treatment-induced or spontaneous recovery. We investigated whether the HCV RNA represents persistence of HCV infection or reinfection.
methodsWe studied 117 patients who recovered from HCV infection (98 following therapy and 19 spontaneously). A reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect the 5'-untranslated region of HCV. T-cell responses were studied by enzyme-linked immunospot for interferon-γ.
resultsPlasma samples from 15% of treatment-recovered patients and no spontaneously recovered patient tested positive for HCV RNA. Lymphocytes from 3 patients who responded to therapy and 1 who recovered spontaneously tested positive. The frequency of HCV RNA detection in plasma correlated inversely with the time after the end of treatment. Post-treatment HCV 5'-untranslated region sequences matched pretreatment sequences in 85% of cases. T-cell responses were significantly greater at time points with detectable trace amounts of HCV RNA than at time points without detectable HCV RNA (P = .035) and were primarily against nonstructural HCV antigens. The immune hierarchy was preserved over 5 years in patients whose post-treatment HCV RNA sequences matched pretreatment sequences, indicating HCV RNA persistence. An altered immune hierarchy with dominant immune responses, shifting from nonstructural to structural antigens, was observed in a single patient whose post-treatment HCV genotype differed from that of the pretreatment genotype, indicating HCV reinfection.
conclusionsTrace amounts of HCV RNA of pretreatment sequence persisted and reappeared sporadically in the circulation within 8 years after recovery from hepatitis C but not thereafter, indicating that patients are cured of HCV infection. Reappearance of HCV RNA induced HCV-specific T-cell responses.
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