ArticleCellular microbiology2011
NOD2 controls the nature of the inflammatory response and subsequent fate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG in human macrophages.
Article in Cellular microbiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- NOD2 polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of biological sciences · 2013Pooled it
- Vitamin D induces interleukin-1β expression: paracrine macrophage epithelial signaling controls M. tuberculosis infection.PLoS pathogens · 2013Trial
- γδ T Cells at the Crossroads of Tuberculosis and COPD: From Early Immunity to Tissue Remodeling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Recent perspectives on macrophage memory: types, mechanisms, and characteristics in pulmonary diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- BCG-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles Induce TLR2-Dependent Trained Immunity to Protect Against Polymicrobial Sepsis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 2 in Signaling, Immunity, and Mycobacterial Infection.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Review of BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- A nod to paratuberculosis: NOD1 and NOD2 expression in the pathological spectrum ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Ethambutol and meropenem/clavulanate synergy promotes enhanced extracellular and intracellular killing ofAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Mycobacterial Rv1804c binds to the PEST domain of IκBα and activates macrophage-mediated proinflammatory responses.iScience · 2024Article
- Fatty acid desaturation and lipoxygenase pathways support trained immunity.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Role of pattern recognition receptors in sensingHeliyon · 2023Review
- A nod to the bond between NOD2 and mycobacteria.PLoS pathogens · 2023Review
- Article
- Intravesical BCG in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer induces trained immunity and decreases respiratory infections.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Observational
- Analysis of long non-coding RNA expression profile of bovine monocyte-macrophage infected by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Review
- Impacts of MicroRNAs Induced by the Gut Microbiome on Regulating the Development of Colorectal Cancer.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), which causes tuberculosis, is a host-adapted intracellular pathogen of macrophages. Intracellular pattern recognition receptors in macrophages such as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins regulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production. NOD2-mediated signalling pathways in response to M.tb have been studied primarily in mouse models and cell lines but not in primary human macrophages. Thus we sought to determine the role of NOD2 in regulating cytokine production and growth of virulent M.tb and attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG) in human macrophages. We examined NOD2 expression during monocyte differentiation and observed a marked increase in NOD2 transcript and protein following 2-3 days in culture. Pre-treatment of human monocyte-derived and alveolar macrophages with the NOD2 ligand muramyl dipeptide enhanced production of TNF-α and IL-1β in response to M.tb and BCG in a RIP2-dependent fashion. The NOD2-mediated cytokine response was significantly reduced following knock-down of NOD2 expression by using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in human macrophages. Finally, NOD2 controlled the growth of both M.tb and BCG in human macrophages, whereas controlling only BCG growth in murine macrophages. Together, our results provide evidence that NOD2 is an important intracellular receptor in regulating the host response to M.tb and BCG infection in human macrophages.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.