ArticleParasite immunology
Circulating cytokine levels and antibody responses to human Schistosoma haematobium: IL-5 and IL-10 levels depend upon age and infection status.
Article in Parasite immunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Schistosoma haematobium infection and treatment on the systemic and mucosal immune phenotype, gene expression and microbiome: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13 and TNF-α alterations in schistosomiasis: a meta-analysis.Parasitology research · 2012Pooled it
- Schistosoma haematobium treatment in 1-5 year old children: safety and efficacy of the antihelminthic drug praziquantel.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2011Trial
- No Simple Fluke: Schistosomiasis as an Emerging Regulator of Haematopoiesis.Parasite immunology · 2026Review
- Urine-based ELISA for non-invasive diagnosis of urogenital schistosomiasis: a promising tool for resource-limited regions.Folia microbiologica · 2026Article
- Association between polymorphisms of IL4, IL13, IL10, STAT6 and IFNG genes, cytokines and immunoglobulin E levels with high burden of Schistosoma mansoni in children from schistosomiasis endemic areas of Cameroon.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Effects of helminths on the human immune response and the microbiome.Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- Frequency distribution of cytokine and associated transcription factor single nucleotide polymorphisms in Zimbabweans: Impact on schistosome infection and cytokine levels.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- ABO Blood Groups Do Not PredictMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Immunity to Soil-Transmitted Helminths: Evidence From the Field and Laboratory Models.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- In-depth proteomic characterization of Schistosoma haematobium: Towards the development of new tools for elimination.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Age-specific gastrointestinal parasite shedding in free-ranging cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) on Namibian farmland.Parasitology research · 2019Article
- Interleukin (IL)-21 in Inflammation and Immunity During Parasitic Diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- Group 2 ILCs: A way of enhancing immune protection against human helminths?Parasite immunology · 2018Review
- Systemic Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles in Individuals WithFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Murine hepatocytes DNA changes as an assessment of the immunogenicity of potential anti-schistosomal vaccines experimentally.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2017Article
- Multivariable Regression Analysis in Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Individuals in the Sudan Reveals Unique Immunoepidemiological Profiles in Uninfected, egg+ and Non-egg+ Infected Individuals.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
- Group 2 innate lymphoid cell proportions are diminished in young helminth infected children and restored by curative anti-helminthic treatment.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
- Of monkeys and men: immunomic profiling of sera from humans and non-human primates resistant to schistosomiasis reveals novel potential vaccine candidates.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Article
- Down Regulation of the TCR Complex CD3ζ-Chain on CD3+ T Cells: A Potential Mechanism for Helminth-Mediated Immune Modulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Experimental schistosome infections induce strong parasite-specific Th2 responses. This study aims to relate human systemic cytokine and antibody levels to schistosome infection levels and history. Levels of anti-Schistosoma haematobium antibodies (directed against crude cercariae, egg and adult worm antigens) and plasma cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23) were measured by ELISA in 227 Zimbabweans (6-60 years old) in a schistosome-endemic area and related to age and infection status. Egg-positive people had significantly higher levels of specific antibodies, IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-23. In contrast, egg-negative individuals had significantly higher circulating IL-10, IL-4, IL-13 and IL-21 that were detected with high frequency in all participants. Subjects with detectable plasma IL-17 produced few or no eggs. When analyzed by age, IL-4 and IL-10 increased significantly, as did schistosome-specific antibodies. However, when age was combined with infection status, IL-5 declined over time in egg-positive people, while increased with age in the egg-negative group. Older, lifelong residents had significantly higher IL-4 and IL-5 levels than younger egg-negative people. Thus, a mixed Th1/Th2 systemic environment occurs in people with patent schistosome infection, while a stronger Th2-dominated suite of cytokines is evident in egg-negative individuals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.