ArticleImmunology2011
Rat eosinophils stimulate the expansion of Cryptococcus neoformans-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells with a T-helper 1 profile.
Article in Immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Eosinophils in solid cancers: sentinels, predictors, and therapeutic allies.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Lung-resident memory Th2 cells regulate pulmonary cryptococcosis by inducing type-II granuloma formation.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- Clinical features of invasive fungal disease in children with no underlying disease.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Eosinophils as Major Player in Type 2 Inflammation: Autoimmunity and Beyond.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Review
- Neutrophil and Eosinophil DNA Extracellular Trap Formation: Lessons From Pathogenic Fungi.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Animal Models ofFrontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Inflammatory monocytes are detrimental to the host immune response during acute infection with Cryptococcus neoformans.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- Eosinophils from Physiology to Disease: A Comprehensive Review.BioMed research international · 2018Review
- Immunology of Cryptococcal Infections: Developing a Rational Approach to Patient Therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- The status of cryptococcosis in Latin America.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2018Review
- Disseminated Cryptococcosis with Marked Eosinophilia in a Postpartum Woman.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2018Article
- Innate Immune Responses toJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- Eosinophils in Autoimmune Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Eosinophils subvert host resistance to an intracellular pathogen by instigating non-protective IL-4 in CCR2Mucosal immunology · 2017Article
- Humoral Immunity Provides Resident Intestinal Eosinophils Access to Luminal Antigen via Eosinophil-Expressed Low-Affinity Fcγ Receptors.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- The Eosinophil in Infection.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2016Review
- Innate host defenses against Cryptococcus neoformans.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2016Review
- Immunity to Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii during cryptococcosis.Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B · 2015Review
- Impact of surfactant protein D, interleukin-5, and eosinophilia on Cryptococcosis.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
- The intracellular life of Cryptococcus neoformans.Annual review of pathology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Experimental Cryptococcus neoformans infection in rats has been shown to have similarities with human cryptococcosis, revealing a strong granulomatous response and a low susceptibility to dissemination. Moreover, it has been shown that eosinophils are components of the inflammatory response to C. neoformans infections. In this in vitro study, we demonstrated that rat peritoneal eosinophils phagocytose opsonized live yeasts of C. neoformans, and that the phenomenon involves the engagement of FcγRII and CD18. Moreover, our results showed that the phagocytosis of opsonized C. neoformans triggers eosinophil activation, as indicated by (i) the up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, MHC class II and costimulatory molecules, and (ii) an increase in interleukin (IL)-12, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. However, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2) O(2) ) synthesis by eosinophils was down-regulated after interaction with C. neoformans. Furthermore, this work demonstrated that CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes isolated from spleens of infected rats and cultured with C. neoformans-pulsed eosinophils proliferate in an MHC class II- and class I-dependent manner, respectively, and produce important amounts of T-helper 1 (Th1) type cytokines, such as TNF-α and IFN-γ, in the absence of T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokine synthesis. In summary, the present study demonstrates that eosinophils act as fungal antigen-presenting cells and suggests that C. neoformans-loaded eosinophils might participate in the adaptive immune response.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.