ArticleThe Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma2011
Asthma mortality in Puerto Rico: 1980-2007.
Article in The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Between-Visit Asthma Symptom Monitoring With a Scalable Digital Intervention: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Trends of asthma mortality in china: a comprehensive analysis by population, region, and sex with future projections.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Uncontrolled asthma and household environmental exposures in Puerto Rico.The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma · 2022Article
- Trends in hospital admissions and mortality rates for asthma in Ecuador: a joinpoint regression analysis of data from 2000 to 2018.BMJ open respiratory research · 2021Article
- Psychosocial risk factors and asthma among adults in Puerto Rico.The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma · 2019Article
- Use of population data for assessing trends in work-related asthma mortality.Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology · 2019Review
- Identification of Immunoglobulin E-Binding Proteins of the Xerophilic Fungus Aspergillus penicillioides Crude Mycelial Mat Extract and Serological Reactivity Assessment in Subjects with Different Allergen Reactivity Profiles.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2018Article
- Serological Reactivity and Identification of Immunoglobulin E-Binding Polypeptides of Ganoderma applanatum Crude Spore Cytoplasmic Extract in Puerto Rican Subjects.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2017Article
- Relationship between periodontal disease and asthma among overweight/obese adults.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2016Article
- Risk factors for death in patients with severe asthma.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e TisilogiaArticle
- Trends in asthma mortality in the 0- to 4-year and 5- to 34-year age groups in Brazil.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e TisilogiaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAsthma is a highly prevalent chronic disease. Prevalence and mortality are particularly high in Puerto Ricans living in the United States as compared with other populations.
objectiveTo determine asthma mortality rates in Puerto Rico (1980-2007) and to assess the sociodemographic variables that may be associated with these rates.
methodsData were obtained from the Vital Statistics Office at the Puerto Rico Department of Health. Crude mortality rates (CMRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to evaluate differences between age groups and across years. Mortality risk ratios (RRs) by sociodemographic variables were estimated using generalized lineal models with a Poisson link function to identify at-risk groups.
resultsDuring the study period, there were 4232 deaths recorded with asthma as the cause of death. From 1980 to 1998, annual asthma mortality rates fluctuated between 3.32 and 6.56 deaths per 100,000 (mean 4.77), followed by a decline after implementation of the ICD-10 for reporting cause of death in 1999. Between 1999 and 2007, the mean asthma death rate declined to 3.01 (4.89 in 1999 to 2.02 in 2007). Overall, asthma mortality rates were between 1.77 and 4.0 times higher in Puerto Rico than in the United States. Throughout the whole study period, mortality rates were higher in older age groups. In addition, the adjusted regression model for asthma deaths showed that persons divorced or widowed, and persons with only elementary education had significantly higher risk of asthma mortality than their counterparts.
conclusionAsthma death rates were higher in Puerto Rico than in the United States general population. Although asthma mortality in Puerto Rico declined, rates continued to be significantly higher than those recorded in the United States. There was a progressive decline in asthma mortality rates after 1999 that may be explained by changes in reporting classification, increased use of corticosteroids, and improved asthma awareness. After controlling for possible confounding variables, age and elementary education were found to increase the risk of mortality due to asthma among Puerto Ricans.
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