SynthesisPain research & management
A research synthesis of therapeutic interventions for whiplash-associated disorder (WAD): part 4 - noninvasive interventions for chronic WAD.
Synthesis in Pain research & management. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Post-acute Structured Exercise Following Sport Concussion: a Randomized Controlled Study
Effectiveness of Conservative Multimodal Physiotherapy in Chronic Whiplash-associated Disorders With Facet-mediated Pain Undergoing Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Treatment: a Series of Single Case Experimental Designs (SCEDs).
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Is the integration of education with exercise beneficial for whiplash-associated disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Exercises for mechanical neck disorders.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- A research synthesis of therapeutic interventions for whiplash-associated disorder (WAD): part 3 - interventions for subacute WAD.Pain research & managementPooled it
- Neck-specific exercise improves impaired interactions between ventral neck muscles in chronic whiplash: A randomized controlled ultrasound study.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Living with ongoing whiplash associated disorders: a qualitative study of individual perceptions and experiences.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2017Trial
- Neck-specific exercises with internet-based support compared to neck-specific exercises at a physiotherapy clinic for chronic whiplash-associated disorders: study protocol of a randomized controlled multicentre trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- The effect of neck-specific exercise with, or without a behavioral approach, on pain, disability, and self-efficacy in chronic whiplash-associated disorders: a randomized clinical trial.The Clinical journal of pain · 2015Trial
- Effects of neck-specific exercise with or without a behavioural approach in addition to prescribed physical activity for individuals with chronic whiplash-associated disorders: a prospective randomised study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2013Trial
- The Effect of Neck-Specific Exercise with or Without a Behavioral Approach in Chronic Whiplash-Associated Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Korean Herbal Medicine for Patients with Post-Accident Syndrome, Persistent after Acute Phase: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Does peripheral neuroinflammation predict chronicity following whiplash injury? Protocol for a prospective cohort study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Article
- Specific versus Non-Specific Exercises for Chronic Neck or Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Does Motor Cortex Engagement During Movement Preparation Differentially Inhibit Nociceptive Processing in Patients with Chronic Whiplash Associated Disorders, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Healthy Controls? An Experimental Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Article
- Development of an Internet-delivered educational video for acute whiplash injuries.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2019Article
- Approach to cervicogenic dizziness: a comprehensive review of its aetiopathology and management.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2018Review
- A narrative review on cervical interventions in adults with chronic whiplash-associated disorder.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) represents a significant public health problem, resulting in substantial social and economic costs throughout the industrialized world. While many treatments have been advocated for patients with WAD, scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness is often lacking. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the strength of evidence for various WAD therapies. Multiple databases (including Web of Science, EMBASE and PubMed) were searched to identify all studies published from January 1980 through March 2009 that evaluated the effectiveness of any clearly defined treatment for acute (less than two weeks), subacute (two to 12 weeks) or chronic (longer than 12 weeks) WAD. The present article, the fourth in a five-part series, evaluates the evidence for noninvasive interventions initiated during the chronic phase of WAD. Twenty-two studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified, 12 of which were randomized controlled trials with 'good' overall methodological quality (median Physiotherapy Evidence Database score of 6). For the treatment of chronic WAD, there is evidence to suggest that exercise programs are effective in relieving whiplash-related pain, at least over the short term. While the majority of a subset of nine studies supported the effectiveness of interdisciplinary interventions, the two randomized controlled trials provided conflicting results. Finally, there was limited evidence, consisting of one supportive case series each, that both manual joint manipulation and myofeedback training may provide some benefit. Based on the available research, exercise programs were the most effective noninvasive treatment for patients with chronic WAD, although many questions remain regarding the relative effectiveness of various exercise regimens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.