ArticleDevelopmental biology2011
Pitx2 is an upstream activator of extraocular myogenesis and survival.
Article in Developmental biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- The ALX1 transcription factor acts in the early cranial mesoderm to specify extraocular muscle formation.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Article
- Engineered Extraocular Muscle with Decellularized Tissue and Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers: Design, Properties, andACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Interplay between Pitx2 and Pax7 temporally governs specification of extraocular muscle stem cells.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- Nystagmus Associated With the Absence of MYOD Expression Across the Lifespan in Extraocular and Limb Muscles.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Overlapping functions of SIX homeoproteins during embryonic myogenesis.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- Overview of Head Muscles with Special Emphasis on Extraocular Muscle Development.Advances in anatomy, embryology, and cell biology · 2023Article
- Identification of bipotent progenitors that give rise to myogenic and connective tissues in mouse.eLife · 2022Article
- Oculomotor nerve guidance and terminal branching requires interactions with differentiating extraocular muscles.Developmental biology · 2021Article
- Mass Spectrometric Profiling of Extraocular Muscle and Proteomic Adaptations in theLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Genetics Underlying the Interactions between Neural Crest Cells and Eye Development.Journal of developmental biology · 2020Review
- Deregulation of Neuro-Developmental Genes and Primary Cilium Cytoskeleton Anomalies in iPSC Retinal Sheets from Human Syndromic Ciliopathies.Stem cell reports · 2020Article
- Master control: transcriptional regulation of mammalian Myod.Journal of muscle research and cell motility · 2019Review
- Upregulation of PITX2 Promotes Letrozole Resistance Via Transcriptional Activation of IFITM1 Signaling in Breast Cancer Cells.Cancer research and treatment · 2019Article
- Connecting muscle development, birth defects, and evolution: An essential role for muscle connective tissue.Current topics in developmental biology · 2019Review
- PITX2 Enhances the Regenerative Potential of Dystrophic Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells.Stem cell reports · 2018Article
- Review
- Benzyl butyl phthalate decreases myogenic differentiation of endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells through miR-137-mediated regulation of PITX2.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Non-myogenic Contribution to Muscle Development and Homeostasis: The Role of Connective Tissues.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2017Review
- Pitx2 in Embryonic and Adult Myogenesis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2017Review
- Myocardial transcription factors in diastolic dysfunction: clues for model systems and disease.Heart failure reviews · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The transcription factors required to initiate myogenesis in branchial arch- and somite-derived muscles are known, but the comparable upstream factors required during extraocular muscle development have not been identified. We show Pax7 is dispensable for extraocular muscle formation, whereas Pitx2 is cell-autonomously required to prevent apoptosis of the extraocular muscle primordia. The survival requirement for Pitx2 is stage-dependent and ends following stable activation of genes for the muscle regulatory factors (e.g. Myf5, MyoD), which is reduced in the absence of Pitx2. Further, PITX2 binds and activates transcription of the Myf5 and MyoD promoters, indicating these genes are direct targets. Collectively, these data demonstrate that PITX2 is required at several steps in the development of extraocular muscles, acting first as an anti-apoptotic factor in pre-myogenic mesoderm, and subsequently to activate the myogenic program in these cells. Thus, Pitx2 is the first demonstrated upstream activator of myogenesis in the extraocular muscles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.