ReviewNutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)2011
Brain fuel metabolism, aging, and Alzheimer's disease.
Review in Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 320 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of a Ketogenic Supplement on Brain Energy Metabolism Measured by Neuroimaging in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Assessing Target Engagement of Terazosin in Healthy Adults
Exogenous Ketone Ester Supplementation in ICU Delirium (KETONES ICU)
Who cites it
320 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 588 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bibliometric Analysis Study on the Mechanisms of Brain Energy Metabolism Disorders in Alzheimer's Disease From 2000 to 2020.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Medium Chain Triglycerides induce mild ketosis and may improve cognition in Alzheimer's disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies.Ageing research reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Intranasal insulin enhances resting-state functional connectivity in Type 2 Diabetes.PloS one · 2025Trial
- Ketone Ester Supplementation Improves Some Aspects of Cognitive Function during a Simulated Soccer Match after Induced Mental Fatigue.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Randomized crossover trial of a modified ketogenic diet in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2021Trial
- The SLC7A11 Thermostat: A Molecular Signaling Switch Between Ferroptosis and Disulfidptosis in Neurodegenerative Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Longitudinal changes in control energy of brain networks in older adults at familial risk for Alzheimer's disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Role of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 in neurodegeneration: Mechanisms, implications, and therapeutic potential.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Neuronal ketone body utilization couples exercise and time-restricted feeding to cognitive enhancement.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis-related stress during aging and its relevance to disease.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Higher fasting brain glucose is associated with lower gray matter volume in healthy adults.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Article
- KetoFLEX 12/3 Diet and Cognitive Health: A Precision-Nutrition Perspective on Mechanisms, Emerging Evidence, and Future Directions.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Associations of plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease pathology with modifiable risk factors and cognitive and functional outcomes: evidence from cross-sectional prediction and latent path analyses in the Bio-Hermes-001 cohort.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Diet-Dependent Cognitive Benefits of Exogenous Ketone Body Precursor, (R,S)-1,3,-Butanediol, in a Mouse Model of Tauopathy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Exercise Increases the Sensitivity of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism to Intranasal Insulin in Young, Healthy Adults.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Article
- Parental obesity exacerbates cognitive dysfunction and cardiac vulnerability in offspring of an Alzheimer disease model.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in brain glucose metabolism and Alzheimer's disease risk and progression.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Odd-Chain Fatty Acids-Enriched Algal Oil Improves Locomotor Function and Modulates Metabolic Pathways inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neurovascular-metabolic dysregulation, metabolic connectomics, and metabolic functional changes in Alzheimer's disease: A preclinical and clinical comparison.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Analyzing Nicotine Action Against Amyloid Toxicity by NMR-Pharmacometabolomics: An Exploratory Study.NMR in biomedicine · 2026Article
260 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Lower brain glucose metabolism is present before the onset of clinically measurable cognitive decline in two groups of people at risk of Alzheimer's disease--carriers of apolipoprotein E4, and in those with a maternal family history of AD. Supported by emerging evidence from in vitro and animal studies, these reports suggest that brain hypometabolism may precede and therefore contribute to the neuropathologic cascade leading to cognitive decline in AD. The reason brain hypometabolism develops is unclear but may include defects in brain glucose transport, disrupted glycolysis, and/or impaired mitochondrial function. Methodologic issues presently preclude knowing with certainty whether or not aging in the absence of cognitive impairment is necessarily associated with lower brain glucose metabolism. Nevertheless, aging appears to increase the risk of deteriorating systemic control of glucose utilization, which, in turn, may increase the risk of declining brain glucose uptake, at least in some brain regions. A contributing role of deteriorating glucose availability to or metabolism by the brain in AD does not exclude the opposite effect, i.e., that neurodegenerative processes in AD further decrease brain glucose metabolism because of reduced synaptic functionality and hence reduced energy needs, thereby completing a vicious cycle. Strategies to reduce the risk of AD by breaking this cycle should aim to (1) improve insulin sensitivity by improving systemic glucose utilization, or (2) bypass deteriorating brain glucose metabolism using approaches that safely induce mild, sustainable ketonemia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.