ArticleGenome biology2010
Structure and dynamics of the pan-genome of Streptococcus pneumoniae and closely related species.
Article in Genome biology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 245 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
245 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 402 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysing pneumococcal invasiveness using Bayesian models of pathogen progression rates.PLoS computational biology · 2022Pooled it
- How the social lives of bacteria affect their pangenome.Essays in biochemistry · 2026Review
- ZPY-CpG-Ch, a broad coverage vaccine againstScience advances · 2026Article
- Biofilm formation during pneumococcal carriage imprints naturally acquired humoral immunity.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Quantitative analysis of bacterial cell-cell communication at the single-cell level using microdroplet arrays.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Translation Inhibiting Antibiotics Induce an asRNA Regulating Purine Metabolism inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Neonatal conjunctivitis due to uncommon pathogen Streptococcus mitis/oralis: a case report.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- By dawn or dusk-how circadian timing rewrites bacterial infection outcomes.FEBS letters · 2026Review
- Genomic analysis of the genetic background underlying Streptococcus pneumoniae beta-lactam nonsusceptibility in central Vietnam: increased beta-lactam nonsusceptibility and dynamics of the pbp2x gene.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Whole-genome and pan-genome analyses reveal genomic differences among nontypeableFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive genomics, systems, and structural assessment for novel target identification in penicillin-resistantFrontiers in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- The pangenome: a statistical model, not a fixed biological property.Bioinformatics advances · 2026Review
- Comparative genomics reveals specialization and divergent virulence potential inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Biofilm formation during pneumococcal carriage imprints naturally acquired humoral immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Investigating the population structure of Moraxella catarrhalis using a cgMLST scheme and LIN code system.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Pore-C sequencing identifies episome-driven chromosome conformation perturbations differentiating pneumococcal epigenetic variants.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Linkage-based ortholog refinement in bacterial pangenomes with CLARC.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Leveraging the Capsular Polysaccharide Synthesis Pathway inACS bio & med chem Au · 2025Review
- Comparative genomics-based insights intoApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
185 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
18 authors at 10 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStreptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most important causes of microbial diseases in humans. The genomes of 44 diverse strains of S. pneumoniae were analyzed and compared with strains of non-pathogenic streptococci of the Mitis group.
resultsDespite evidence of extensive recombination, the S. pneumoniae phylogenetic tree revealed six major lineages. With the exception of serotype 1, the tree correlated poorly with capsular serotype, geographical site of isolation and disease outcome. The distribution of dispensable genes--genes present in more than one strain but not in all strains--was consistent with phylogeny, although horizontal gene transfer events attenuated this correlation in the case of ancient lineages. Homologous recombination, involving short stretches of DNA, was the dominant evolutionary process of the core genome of S. pneumoniae. Genetic exchange occurred both within and across the borders of the species, and S. mitis was the main reservoir of genetic diversity of S. pneumoniae. The pan-genome size of S. pneumoniae increased logarithmically with the number of strains and linearly with the number of polymorphic sites of the sampled genomes, suggesting that acquired genes accumulate proportionately to the age of clones. Most genes associated with pathogenicity were shared by all S. pneumoniae strains, but were also present in S. mitis, S. oralis and S. infantis, indicating that these genes are not sufficient to determine virulence.
conclusionsGenetic exchange with related species sharing the same ecological niche is the main mechanism of evolution of S. pneumoniae. The open pan-genome guarantees the species a quick and economical response to diverse environments.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.