SynthesisJournal of women's health (2002)2010
Studying the use of oral contraception: a review of measurement approaches.
Synthesis in Journal of women's health (2002), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of venous thrombosis risk among users of combined oral contraception.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2018Pooled it
- Mobile phone-based interventions for improving contraception use.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Effect of a mobile phone-based intervention on post-abortion contraception: a randomized controlled trial in Cambodia.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2015Trial
- MObile Technology for Improved Family Planning Services (MOTIF): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.Trials · 2013Trial
- The acceptability and feasibility of an HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) trial with young men who have sex with men.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Trial
- Reducing Unintended Pregnancies Through Web-Based Reproductive Life Planning and Contraceptive Action Planning among Privately Insured Women: Study Protocol for the MyNewOptions Randomized, Controlled Trial.Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's HealthTrial
- Methodological Considerations for Studies in Sport and Exercise Science with Women as Participants Part II: Guidance for Applied Studies in Elite Female Athletes.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- New approaches for developing biomarkers of hormonal contraceptive use.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Development and validation of a new non-disease-specific survey tool to assess self-reported adherence to medication.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Adherence to the oral contraceptive pill: the roles of health literacy and knowledge.Health psychology and behavioral medicine · 2020Article
- Concordance of self-reported hormonal contraceptive use and presence of exogenous hormones in serum among African women.Contraception · 2018Article
- Assessing the validity and reliability of self-report data on contraception use in the MObile Technology for Improved Family Planning (MOTIF) randomised controlled trial.Reproductive health · 2018Review
- Self-report measures of medication adherence behavior: recommendations on optimal use.Translational behavioral medicine · 2015Review
- Pharmacy claims data versus patient self-report to measure contraceptive method continuation.Contraception · 2015Article
- Comparison of prospective daily diaries and retrospective recall to measure oral contraceptive adherence.Contraception · 2013Article
- Evidence-based guidance on Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use: identification of research gaps.Contraception · 2013Article
- Integrating Behavioral HIV Interventions into Biomedical Prevention Trials with Youth: Lessons from Chicago's Project PrEPare.Journal of HIV/AIDS & social services · 2013Article
- Agreement between patient-reported and provider-reported choice of contraceptive method among family planning patients in New York City: implications for public health.International journal of women's health · 2013Article
- Adherence to the oral contraceptive pill: a cross-sectional survey of modifiable behavioural determinants.BMC public health · 2012Article
- The Health Belief Model can guide modern contraceptive behavior research and practice.Journal of midwifery & women's healthReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough oral contraception (OC) misuse is presumed to play an important role in unwanted pregnancy, research findings have often been equivocal, perhaps reflecting unaddressed inconsistencies in methodological approaches.
methodsUsing established databases, we performed a systematic review of measurement methods for OC use using primary research reports published from January 1965 to December 2009.
resultsTerminology used to describe OC use, which included "continuation," "compliance," and "adherence," differed across studies and was rarely defined. The majority of studies (n = 27 of 38, 71%) relied solely on self-report measures of OC use. Only two reports described survey or interview questions, and reliability and validity data were seldom described. More rigorous measurement methods, such as pill counts (electronic or manual), serum and urinary biomarkers, and pharmacy records, were infrequently employed. Nineteen studies simultaneously used more than one method, but only three studies compared direct and indirect methods.
conclusionsThe lack of a consistent, well-defined measurement of OC use limits our understanding of contraceptive misuse and related negative outcomes. Future research should clarify terminology, develop standardized measures, incorporate multimethod approaches with innovative methods, and publish details of measurement methods.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.