ArticleEpidemics2010
Evidence that pneumococcal serotype replacement in Massachusetts following conjugate vaccination is now complete.
Article in Epidemics, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pneumococcal Disease and the Effectiveness of the PPV23 Vaccine in Adults: A Two-Stage Bayesian Meta-Analysis of Observational and RCT Reports.Scientific reports · 2018Pooled it
- Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and nasopharyngeal microbiota in healthy children.Emerging infectious diseases · 2014Trial
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- Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of neonatal pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Papua New Guinean children: a randomised controlled trial.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Effects of community-wide vaccination with PCV-7 on pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in the Gambia: a cluster-randomized trial.PLoS medicine · 2011Trial
- What is driving the resurgence and persistence of vaccine-targeted pneumococcal serotypes?-Serotype 19F as the paradigm.PLoS pathogens · 2026Review
- Article
- Development and Validation of a Functional Antibody Assay for Evaluating Protein-Based Pneumococcal Vaccines.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Assessing the effect of social contact structure on the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Investigating two decades ofMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease-causing lineages among South African children.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Genomic tailoring of autogenous poultry vaccines to reduce Campylobacter from farm to fork.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Convergent impact of vaccination and antibiotic pressures on pneumococcal populations.Cell chemical biology · 2024Review
- Economic and cost-effectiveness aspects of vaccines in combating antibiotic resistance.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- Saliva as an alternative sample type for detection of pneumococcal carriage in young children.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2023Article
- Genetic background of Cambodian pneumococcal carriage isolates following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13.Microbial genomics · 2022Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has been reduced in the US following conjugate vaccination (PCV7) targeting seven pneumococcal serotypes in 2000. However, increases in IPD due to other serotypes have been observed, in particular 19A. How much this "serotype replacement" will erode the benefits of vaccination and over what timescale is unknown. We used a population genetic approach to test first whether the selective impact of vaccination could be detected in a longitudinal carriage sample, and secondly how long it persisted for following introduction of vaccine in 2000. To detect the selective impact of the vaccine we compared the serotype diversity of samples from pneumococcal carriage in Massachusetts children collected in 2001, 2004 and 2007 with others collected in the pre-vaccine era in Massachusetts, the UK and Finland. The 2004 sample was significantly (p >0.0001) more diverse than pre-vaccine samples, indicating the selective pressure of vaccination. The 2007 sample showed no significant difference in diversity from the pre-vaccine period, and exhibited similar population structure, but with different serotypes. In 2007 the carriage frequency of 19A was similar to that of the most common serotype in pre-vaccine samples. We suggest that serotype replacement involving 19A may be complete in Massachusetts due to similarities in population structure to pre-vaccine samples. These results suggest that the replacement phenomenon occurs rapidly with high vaccine coverage, and may allay concerns about future increases in disease due to 19A. For other serotypes, the future course of replacement disease remains to be determined.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.