ReviewImmunity2010
Vaccine adjuvants: putting innate immunity to work.
Review in Immunity, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 954 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
954 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,888 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy of toll-like receptor agonists as therapeutic agents and vaccine adjuvants for infectious diseases in animals: a systematic review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Pooled it
- Safety and Immunogenicity of an Adjuvanted Clostridioides difficile Vaccine Candidate in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase 1 Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Metabolomic Signatures Differentiate Immune Responses in Avian Influenza Vaccine Recipients.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- A n-heneicosane solid emulsion as a single-dose subunit vaccine elicits broad and durable immune responses in an aged and a Pox virus model.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Next-generation vaccine adjuvants: Integrating nanotechnology, systems immunology, and computational approaches for precision vaccinology.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Immunostimulant-integrated acrylate nanocomposite adjuvants potentiate foot-and-mouth disease vaccine efficacy.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Rational design of next-generation vaccine adjuvants: From molecular mechanisms to hybrid delivery platforms.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Rationally designed tunable amphiphilic glycopolymers for safe and effective vaccine adjuvanticity.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the Adjuvant Activity ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Improving peptide vaccine manufacturability without sacrificing immunogenicity: substitution of methionine and cysteine with oxidation-resistant isosteres.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Infectious Disease Research.EcoHealth · 2026Article
- Therapeutic vaccines targeting solid tumors: A series of clinical trial analysis over the past decade.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- Combinatorial in situ cancer vaccines: unlocking broad and enhanced antitumor responses.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- Harnessing mucosal immunity for protective vaccines.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Japanese Encephalitis Virus and Host Innate Immunity: Insights Into TLR Signaling, PRR Crosstalk, and Viral Immune Evasion.Cell biochemistry and function · 2026Review
- Review
- Enhanced Human Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses Using In Vitro 3D Tonsil Cultures Containing Stromal Cells.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Advancements in nanomaterial-based adjuvants for animal vaccines.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
894 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adjuvants enhance immunity to vaccines and experimental antigens by a variety of mechanisms. In the past decade, many receptors and signaling pathways in the innate immune system have been defined and these innate responses strongly influence the adaptive immune response. The focus of this review is to delineate the innate mechanisms by which adjuvants mediate their effects. We highlight how adjuvants can be used to influence the magnitude and alter the quality of the adaptive response in order to provide maximum protection against specific pathogens. Despite the impressive success of currently approved adjuvants for generating immunity to viral and bacterial infections, there remains a need for improved adjuvants that enhance protective antibody responses, especially in populations that respond poorly to current vaccines. However, the larger challenge is to develop vaccines that generate strong T cell immunity with purified or recombinant vaccine antigens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.