Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2010
Direct and indirect effectiveness of influenza vaccination delivered to children at school preceding an epidemic caused by 3 new influenza virus variants.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- School-based vaccination programmes: a systematic review of the evidence on organisation and delivery in high income countries.BMC public health · 2017Pooled it
- An approximation of herd effect due to vaccinating children against seasonal influenza - a potential solution to the incorporation of indirect effects into static models.BMC infectious diseases · 2013Pooled it
- Burden of paediatric influenza in Western Europe: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2012Pooled it
- Effect of Influenza Vaccination of Children on Infection Rate in Hutterite Communities: Follow-Up Study of a Randomized Trial.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Positive network assortativity of influenza vaccination at a high school: implications for outbreak risk and herd immunity.PloS one · 2014Trial
- Increasing child vaccination coverage can reduce influenza cases across age groups: An agent-based modeling study.The Journal of infection · 2025Article
- Impact of Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) in Early Childhood (0-2 Years) on Lung Growth and Development and Lifelong Trajectories of Pulmonary Health: A National Institutes of Health (NIH) Workshop Summary.Pediatric pulmonology · 2025Review
- Evaluating the impact of school-based influenza vaccination programme on absenteeism and outbreaks at schools in Hong Kong: a retrospective cohort study protocol.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccines in the HIVE Household Cohort Over 8 Years: Is There Evidence of Indirect Protection?Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Influenza vaccine uptake among at-risk adults (aged 16-64 years) in the UK: a retrospective database analysis.BMC public health · 2021Article
- [Health Technology Assessment (HTA) of the introduction of influenza vaccination for Italian children with Fluenz TetraJournal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2021Article
- A Framework for Discovering Health Disparities among Cohorts in an Influenza Epidemic.World wide web · 2019Article
- Influenza immunization policies: Which could be the main reasons for differences among countries?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Review
- Potential Consequences of Not Using Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine.American journal of preventive medicine · 2017Article
- Different Repeat Annual Influenza Vaccinations Improve the Antibody Response to Drifted Influenza Strains.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Epidemiological and economic impact of pandemic influenza in Chicago: Priorities for vaccine interventions.PLoS computational biology · 2017Article
- A Case of Influenza A (H3N2) Complicated by Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Death in a Young Healthy Adult during the 2013-2014 Season.Frontiers in public health · 2017Article
- Is the onset of influenza in the community age-related?Epidemiology and infection · 2016Article
- Estimates of the Public Health Impact of a Pediatric Vaccination Program Using an Intranasal Tetravalent Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in Belgium.Paediatric drugs · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza is an uncontrolled epidemic disease that is vaccine preventable. New recommendations for universal immunization present a challenge to the implementation of vaccine delivery. This field trial examines the effectiveness of school-based clinics for vaccine delivery before an epidemic caused by 3 new influenza virus variants not contained in the vaccine.
methodsLive attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) was offered to eligible children in elementary schools of eastern Bell County, Texas. Age-specific rates of medically attended acute respiratory illness for health plan members at the intervention site were compared with those for members at comparison sites during the epidemic, defined by viral surveillance at all sites.
resultsAlmost 48% of children in elementary schools were vaccinated. Significant herd protection attributed to LAIV was detected for all age groups except 12-17-year-old students, who were not offered free vaccine. Approximately 2500 medical encounters were prevented at the intervention site. Inactivated vaccine provided marginal protection against the epidemic viruses.
conclusionsLAIV delivered to elementary-school children before an epidemic caused by 3 new variant influenza viruses generated significant cross-protection for the recipients and indirect (herd) protection for the community.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.