Evidence map›Paper›PMID 20980414›Full record

ArticleDiabetes care2011

Low HDL cholesterol, metformin use, and cancer risk in type 2 diabetes: the Hong Kong Diabetes Registry.

Xilin Yang, Wing Yee So, Ronald C W Ma, Alice P S Kong, Heung Man Lee, Linda W L Yu, Chun-Chung Chow, Risa Ozaki, Gary T C Ko, Juliana C N Chan

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes care, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Xilin YangDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. yang.xilin@cuhk.edu.hk
Wing Yee So
Ronald C W Ma
Alice P S Kong
Heung Man Lee
Linda W L Yu
Chun-Chung Chow
Risa Ozaki
Gary T C Ko
Juliana C N Chan
Chinese University of Hong Kong · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway is a master regulator in energy metabolism and may be related to cancer. In type 2 diabetes, low HDL cholesterol predicts cancer, whereas metformin usage is associated with reduced cancer risk. Both metformin and apolipoprotein A1 activate the AMPK signaling pathway. We hypothesize that the anticancer effects of metformin may be particularly evident in type 2 diabetic patients with low HDL cholesterol. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsIn a consecutive cohort of 2,658 Chinese type 2 diabetic patients enrolled in the study between 1996 and 2005, who were free of cancer and not using metformin at enrollment or during 2.5 years before enrollment and who were followed until 2005, we measured biological interactions for cancer risk using relative excess risk as a result of interaction (RERI) and attributable proportion (AP) as a result of interaction. A statistically significant RERI >0 or AP >0 indicates biological interaction.

resultsDuring 13,808 person-years of follow-up (median 5.51 years), 129 patients developed cancer. HDL cholesterol <1.0 mmol/L was associated with increased cancer risk among those who did not use metformin, but the association was not significant among those who did. Use of metformin was associated with reduced cancer risk in patients with HDL cholesterol <1.0 mmol/L and, to a lesser extent, in patients with HDL cholesterol ≥ 1.0 mmol/L. HDL cholesterol <1.0 mmol/L plus nonuse of metformin was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of 5.75 (95% CI 3.03-10.90) compared with HDL cholesterol ≥ 1.0 mmol/L plus use of metformin, with a significant interaction (AP 0.44 [95% CI 0.11-0.78]).

conclusionsThe anticancer effect of metformin was most evident in type 2 diabetic patients with low HDL cholesterol.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2AdultAgedCholesterol, HDLFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHong KongHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMaleMedical Staff, HospitalMetforminMiddle AgedNeoplasmsPredictive Value of TestsRisk FactorsCholesterol, HDLHypoglycemic AgentsMetformin

Identifiers

PMID20980414
PMCPMC3024352
OpenAlexW2056934001

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.