Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2010
Adjuvanted intranasal Norwalk virus-like particle vaccine elicits antibodies and antibody-secreting cells that express homing receptors for mucosal and peripheral lymphoid tissues.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 121 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 221 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immunity and vaccine development.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of a thermostable ID93 + GLA-SE tuberculosis vaccine candidate in healthy adults.Nature communications · 2023Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of an oral tablet norovirus vaccine, a phase I randomized, placebo-controlled trial.JCI insight · 2018Trial
- Safety and Immunogenicity of Different Formulations of Norovirus Vaccine Candidate in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- B-Cell Responses to Intramuscular Administration of a Bivalent Virus-Like Particle Human Norovirus Vaccine.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Norovirus vaccine against experimental human GII.4 virus illness: a challenge study in healthy adults.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2015Trial
- A novel intramuscular bivalent norovirus virus-like particle vaccine candidate--reactogenicity, safety, and immunogenicity in a phase 1 trial in healthy adults.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- Norovirus vaccine against experimental human Norwalk Virus illness.The New England journal of medicine · 2011Trial
- IgA is necessary and sufficient to prevent norovirus infection in mice.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Response of dendritic cells and T cells to virus-like particles formed from norovirus viral protein-1 (VP1N) or chimeric molecules containing a fragment of VP1N and polypeptides of echovirus 30.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- Chitosan as a Vaccine Adjuvant: From Material Determinants to Innate Immune Activation and Formulation Optimization.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Inactivated Type 'O' Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Encapsulated in Chitosan Nanoparticles Induced Protective Immune Response in Guinea Pigs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- The Bioengineering of Insect Cell Lines for Biotherapeutics and Vaccine Production: An Updated Review.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Nasal vaccines for respiratory infections.Nature · 2025Review
- Article
- Chitosan-Based Nanoformulations: Preclinical Investigations, Theranostic Advancements, and Clinical Trial Prospects for Targeting Diverse Pathologies.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2024Review
- Folate-engineered chitosan nanoparticles: next-generation anticancer nanocarriers.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Applications of Chitosan in Prevention and Treatment Strategies of Infectious Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Review
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNoroviruses cause significant morbidity and mortality from acute gastroenteritis in all age groups worldwide.
methodsWe conducted 2 phase 1 double-blind, controlled studies of a virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine derived from norovirus GI.1 genotype adjuvanted with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and the mucoadherent chitosan. Healthy subjects 18-49 years of age were randomized to 2 doses of intranasal Norwalk VLP vaccine or controls 21 days apart. Study 1 evaluated 5-, 15-, and 50-μg dosages of Norwalk antigen, and study 2 evaluated 50- and 100-μg dosages. Volunteers recorded symptoms for 7 days after dosing, and safety was followed up for 180 days. Blood samples were collected for serological profile, antibody secreting cells (ASCs), and analysis of ASC homing receptors.
resultsThe most common symptoms were nasal stuffiness, discharge, and sneezing. No vaccine-related serious adverse events occurred. Norwalk VLP-specific immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A antibodies increased 4.8- and 9.1-fold, respectively, for the 100-μg dosage level. All subjects tested who received the 50- or 100-μg vaccine dose developed immunoglobulin A ASCs. These cells expressed molecules associated with homing to mucosal and peripheral lymphoid tissues.
conclusionsThe intranasal monovalent adjuvanted Norwalk VLP vaccine was well tolerated and highly immunogenic and is a candidate for additional study.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.