Evidence map›Paper›PMID 20978474›Full record

ArticleMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2011

Vesicular stomatitis virus-induced immune suppressor cells generate antagonism between intratumoral oncolytic virus and cyclophosphamide.

Candice Willmon, Rosa M Diaz, Phonphimon Wongthida, Feorillo Galivo, Timothy Kottke, Jill Thompson, Steven Albelda, Kevin Harrington, Alan Melcher, Richard Vile

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Candice WillmonDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Rosa M Diaz
Phonphimon Wongthida
Feorillo Galivo
Timothy Kottke
Jill Thompson
Steven Albelda
Kevin Harrington
Alan Melcher
Richard Vile
Mayo Clinic · USInstitute of Cancer Research · GBUniversity of Leeds · GBUniversity of Pennsylvania · US

Funding

T Cell Based Carriers for In Vivo Gene Therapy of CancerR01CA107082 · NCI · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI VILE, RICHARD G. · 2005 to 2014
$2.5M
Autoimmunity and anti tumor immunity outside of the melanocyte/melanoma paradigmR01CA132734 · NCI · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI VILE, RICHARD G. · 2008 to 2012
$1.5M
Enhancing Systemic Delivery of Oncolytic Viruses for Cancer TherapyR01CA130878 · NCI · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI VILE, RICHARD G. · 2009 to 2013
$1.4M
NCI NIH HHS CA107082NCI NIH HHS CA130878NCI NIH HHS CA132734NCI NIH HHS R01 CA107082NCI NIH HHS R01 CA130878NCI NIH HHS R01 CA132734
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite having potent oncolytic activity, in vitro, direct intratumoral injection of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) into established AE17ova mesothelioma tumors in C57Bl/6 mice had no therapeutic effect. During studies to combine systemic cyclophosphamide (CPA) with VSV to suppress the innate immune reaction against VSV, we observed that CPA alone had highly significant antitumor effects in this model. However, against our expectations, the combination of CPA and VSV consistently reduced therapeutic efficacy compared to CPA alone, despite the fact that the combination increased intratumoral VSV titers. We show here that CPA-mediated therapy against AE17ova tumors was immune-mediated and dependent upon both CD4 T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. However, intratumoral VSV induced a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-dependent suppressive activity, mediated by CD11b(+)GR-1(+) cells that significantly inhibited both antigen-specific T-cell activation, and CPA-activated, NK-dependent killing of AE17ova tumor cells. Overall, our results show that treatment with oncolytic viruses can induce a variety of immune-mediated consequences in vivo with both positive, or negative, effects on antitumor therapy. These underexplored immune consequences of treatment with oncolytic viruses may have significant, and possibly unexpected, impacts on how virotherapy interacts in combination with other agents which modulate antitumor immune effectors.

Indexed as

AnimalsCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCombined Modality TherapyCyclophosphamideGenetic TherapyKiller Cells, NaturalMelanoma, ExperimentalMesotheliomaMiceMice, Inbred C57BLOncolytic VirotherapyOncolytic VirusesTransforming Growth Factor betaVesicular stomatitis Indiana virusVirus ReplicationCyclophosphamideTransforming Growth Factor beta

Identifiers

PMID20978474
PMCPMC3017451
OpenAlexW1963706053

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.