ArticleCancer research2010
Human papillomavirus infection and reinfection in adult women: the role of sexual activity and natural immunity.
Article in Cancer research, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- HPV vaccination among seropositive, DNA negative cohorts: a systematic review & meta-analysis.Journal of gynecologic oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Identifying the HLA DRB1-DQB1 molecules and predicting epitopes associated with high-risk HPV infection clearance and redetection.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Malaysian women with and without cervical cancer: an updated estimate.Bioscience reports · 2018Trial
- HPV-positive women with normal cytology remain at increased risk of CIN3 after a negative repeat HPV test.British journal of cancer · 2017Trial
- Estimating the age distribution of disease-causal HPV infection in women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Denmark, Estonia, Norway, Slovenia, and Sweden: A modeling study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Age of acquisition of disease-causal human papillomavirus infection to high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) in England.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Paying Upfront: Successful Initial Infections Protect Against Severe Future Infections.Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Assessment of the impact of nonavalent human papillomavirus vaccine on disease clearance time in women with active infection.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2026Article
- Estimating the Age of Disease-causal HPV Infection Based on the Natural History of CIN2+ Among Females in Canada.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Improving HPV Vaccine Coverage in Tennessee: Addressing Barriers and Expanding Access for Mid-Adults.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- The Non-inferiority of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Immunogenicity Among Women Over 26 Years: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Naturally developed HPV16 antibodies and risk of newly detected cervical HPV infection outcomes.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
- Out-reach Colposcopy Clinics and HPV Self-Sampling Decreases Loss to Follow up in a Community based Cervical Cancer Screening Programme.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Observational
- Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Women in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Human Papillomavirus Intermittence and Risk Factors Associated With First Detections and Redetections in the Ludwig-McGill Cohort Study of Adult Women.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Early-onset of sexual activity as a potential risk of cervical cancer in Africa: A review of literature.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Clinical and Public Health Considerations for HPV Vaccination in Midadulthood: A Narrative Review.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
There is a paucity of data on whether or not women can be reinfected with human papillomavirus (HPV) types to which they were exposed to earlier in life and on the role of natural immunity. The observation of HPV infection at older ages may be explained by the reactivation of a latent infection or new exposure from sexual activity. Our objective was to analyze the association between reinfection and sexual activity. We analyzed data from 2,462 women enrolled in the Ludwig-McGill cohort and followed every 4 to 6 months for up to 10 years. We performed HPV typing and viral load measurements via PCR and determined HPV-16 seroreactivity at enrollment. Incidence of infection and reinfection were estimated for individual types. Adjusted relative risks (RR) for the association between infection/reinfection and new sexual partners were calculated using Cox regression. Rates of initial infection and reinfection postclearance were statistically comparable. RRs of initial infection or reinfection were consistently associated with new sexual partners [2.4 (95% confidence intervals; 95% CI, 2.0-3.1) for first infection, 3.7 (1.1-13.8) for reinfection with the same type, and 2.3 (1.5-3.7) for reinfection with a different type]. Reinfection in older women was also associated with new sexual partners (RR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4-5.3) as were new infections with HPV-16 among women with serologic evidence of prior HPV-16 exposure (RR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.6-5.3). Viral loads at initial infection and at reinfection were comparable. HPV infection and reinfection were strongly associated with sexual activity. This study suggests that natural immunity does not play a role in controlling the extent of reinfections.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.