ReviewBrain research2011
A "window of opportunity:" the reduction of coronary heart disease and total mortality with menopausal therapies is age- and time-dependent.
Review in Brain research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The benefits and risks of menopause hormone therapy for the cardiovascular system in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of transdermal versus oral hormone replacement therapy in postmenopause: a systematic review.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2023Pooled it
- Association Between Hormone Therapy and Muscle Mass in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2019Pooled it
- Red clover isoflavones enriched with formononetin lower serum LDL cholesterol-a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Hippocampal neuronal progranulin mediates estrogen‑deficiency‑induced affective vulnerability and lysosomal-autophagic dysfunction.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Benefits of Menopause Hormone Treatment is Age-Dependent.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in LDL-C genetic architecture and statin efficacy in All of Us.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Real-world study on the effectiveness and breast safety analysis of hormone replacement therapy during menopause.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Metabolic impact of endogenously produced estrogens by adipose tissue in females and males across the lifespan.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Associations between hand osteoarthritis, obesity and lipid metabolism: a cross-sectional study of the Halland County Osteoarthritis (HALLOA) cohort.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Observational
- Perceptions, Benefits, and Use of Complementary and Integrative Therapies to Treat Menopausal Symptoms: A Pilot Study.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- What is behind the fear of cancer during menopausal hormone therapy in China?Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2021Article
- Estrogen Receptor β Contributes to Both Hypertension and Hypothalamic Plasticity in a Mouse Model of Peri-Menopause.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- Association between menopausal hormone therapy, mammographic density and breast cancer risk: results from the E3N cohort study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2021Article
- Phenotypic and Clinical Traits That Correlate with Cognitive Impairment in Caucasian Females.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- Menopausal Hormone Therapy: a Comprehensive Review.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2020Review
- The Controversial History of Hormone Replacement Therapy.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2019Review
- A heartfelt message, estrogen replacement therapy: use it or lose it.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2018Review
- Understanding the broad influence of sex hormones and sex differences in the brain.Journal of neuroscience research · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The totality of data indicates that the "window of opportunity" for reducing coronary heart disease (CHD) and overall mortality is initiation of hormone therapy (HT) within 6 years of menopause and/or before 60 years of age. Reduction of CHD risk and overall mortality with prolonged HT use in this subgroup of women is consistent across randomized controlled trials and observational studies. As such, HT use for 5 to 30 years in postmenopausal women who initiate HT in their 50s substantially increases quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) by 1.5 QALYs and is highly cost-effective at $2438 per QALY gained. Cumulated randomized controlled trial results indicate a consistency along with observational data that young postmenopausal women with menopausal symptoms who use HT for long periods of time have lower rates of CHD and overall mortality than comparable postmenopausal women who do not use HT.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.