ArticlePLoS pathogens2010
Early production of IL-22 but not IL-17 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to live Borrelia burgdorferi: the role of monocytes and interleukin-1.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cutaneous Lyme borreliosis: Guideline of the German Dermatology Society.German medical science : GMS e-journal · 2025Guideline
- Cutaneous Lyme borreliosis: Guideline of the German Dermatology Society.German medical science : GMS e-journal · 2017Guideline
- Mechanisms of rapid induction of interleukin-22 in activated T cells and its modulation by cyclosporin a.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Trial
- Clinical Features and Outcomes of Pediatric Lyme Arthritis in Europe: A Large Swiss Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- A comprehensive genetic map of cytokine responses in Lyme borreliosis.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Borrelia burgdorferi Is a Poor Inducer of Gamma Interferon: Amplification Induced by Interleukin-12.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Sciatic-Vagal Nerve Stimulation by Electroacupuncture Alleviates Inflammatory Arthritis in Lyme Disease-Susceptible C3H Mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury Exposes Murine IL-22 as Sex-Related Gene Product.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- A joint effort: The interplay between the innate and the adaptive immune system in Lyme arthritis.Immunological reviews · 2020Review
- Early-Life Intervention Using Fecal Microbiota Combined with Probiotics Promotes Gut Microbiota Maturation, Regulates Immune System Development, and Alleviates Weaning Stress in Piglets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- ATG16L1 orchestrates interleukin-22 signaling in the intestinal epithelium via cGAS-STING.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2018Article
- The intrathecal expression and pathogenetic role of Th17 cytokines and CXCR2-binding chemokines in tick-borne encephalitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2018Article
- Age-Related Differential Stimulation of Immune Response byFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- When a patient suspected with juvenile idiopathic arthritis turns out to be diagnosed with an infectious disease - a review of Lyme arthritis in children.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2017Review
- The Potential of Omics Technologies in Lyme Disease Biomarker Discovery and Early Detection.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2017Review
- Hypothermia Promotes Interleukin-22 Expression and Fine-Tunes Its Biological Activity.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Autophagy suppresses host adaptive immune responses toward Borrelia burgdorferi.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2016Article
- Tristetraprolin regulation of interleukin-22 production.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Interferon-α curbs production of interleukin-22 by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to live Borrelia burgdorferi.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2015Article
- Infection of Interleukin 17 Receptor A-Deficient C3H Mice with Borrelia burgdorferi Does Not Affect Their Development of Lyme Arthritis and Carditis.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
If insufficiently treated, Lyme borreliosis can evolve into an inflammatory disorder affecting skin, joints, and the CNS. Early innate immunity may determine host responses targeting infection. Thus, we sought to characterize the immediate cytokine storm associated with exposure of PBMC to moderate levels of live Borrelia burgdorferi. Since Th17 cytokines are connected to host defense against extracellular bacteria, we focused on interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22. Here, we report that, despite induction of inflammatory cytokines including IL-23, IL-17 remained barely detectable in response to B. burgdorferi. In contrast, T cell-dependent expression of IL-22 became evident within 10 h of exposure to the spirochetes. This dichotomy was unrelated to interferon-γ but to a large part dependent on caspase-1 and IL-1 bioactivity derived from monocytes. In fact, IL-1β as a single stimulus induced IL-22 but not IL-17. Neutrophils display antibacterial activity against B. burgdorferi, particularly when opsonized by antibodies. Since neutrophilic inflammation, indicative of IL-17 bioactivity, is scarcely observed in Erythema migrans, a manifestation of skin inflammation after infection, protective and antibacterial properties of IL-22 may close this gap and serve essential functions in the initial phase of spirochete infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.