SynthesisPloS one2010
Differential white blood cell count and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional and prospective studies.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Vegetarian-Based Dietary Patterns and their Relation with Inflammatory and Immune Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Pooled it
- White blood cell counts as risk markers of developing metabolic syndrome and its components in the PREDIMED study.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Monocytes Display Altered Inflammatory Profiles in Individuals with Diabetic Foot Ulcers Indicating Monocyte Dysfunction.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Association of leukocyte count with death in people with HIV: A longitudinal study over 24 years.PloS one · 2026Article
- Trained Immunity and Cardiovascular Risk: An Immunological Perspective.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Assessment of Changes in Glycaemic Control and Blood Viscosity Determinants: Does Glycaemia Impact on Haematocrit, Proteinaemia or Dyslipidaemia?Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cellular Immunity in Obesity: Pathophysiological Insights and the Impact of Bariatric Surgery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Leukocyte count and new-onset diabetes mellitus in people with HIV: A longitudinal study.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Inflammation reprogramming and immunomodulation: Next-generation treatments for atherosclerosis.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Review
- Body composition markers are more strongly associated with type 2 diabetes than inflammatory markers-Results from the study of health in Pomerania.European journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Mendelian randomization study highlights the role of hematological traits on Type-2 diabetes mellitus in African ancestry individuals.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and subclinical atherosclerosis in essential hypertensive patients.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Association between hematological indices and blood glucose level among patients with type 2 diabetes.Irish journal of medical science · 2024Article
- Low-Density Neutrophils Contribute to Subclinical Inflammation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Effect of Glycemic Control on Platelet Indices in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Sisli Etfal Hastanesi tip bulteni · 2024Article
- Recent progress in bone-repair strategies in diabetic conditions.Materials today. Bio · 2023Review
- Evaluation of blood cellular and biochemical parameters in rats under a chronic hypoxic environment at high altitude.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- A case-control study to evaluate hematological indices in blood of diabetic and non-diabetic individuals in Ibb City, Yemen.Scientific reports · 2023Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
29 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveBiological evidence suggests that inflammation might induce type 2 diabetes (T2D), and epidemiological studies have shown an association between higher white blood cell count (WBC) and T2D. However, the association has not been systematically investigated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsStudies were identified through computer-based and manual searches. Previously unreported studies were sought through correspondence. 20 studies were identified (8,647 T2D cases and 85,040 non-cases). Estimates of the association of WBC with T2D were combined using random effects meta-analysis; sources of heterogeneity as well as presence of publication bias were explored.
resultsThe combined relative risk (RR) comparing the top to bottom tertile of the WBC count was 1.61 (95% CI: 1.45; 1.79, p = 1.5*10(-18)). Substantial heterogeneity was present (I(2) = 83%). For granulocytes the RR was 1.38 (95% CI: 1.17; 1.64, p = 1.5*10(-4)), for lymphocytes 1.26 (95% CI: 1.02; 1.56, p = 0.029), and for monocytes 0.93 (95% CI: 0.68; 1.28, p = 0.67) comparing top to bottom tertile. In cross-sectional studies, RR was 1.74 (95% CI: 1.49; 2.02, p = 7.7*10(-13)), while in cohort studies it was 1.48 (95% CI: 1.22; 1.79, p = 7.7*10(-5)). We assessed the impact of confounding in EPIC-Norfolk study and found that the age and sex adjusted HR of 2.19 (95% CI: 1.74; 2.75) was attenuated to 1.82 (95% CI: 1.45; 2.29) after further accounting for smoking, T2D family history, physical activity, education, BMI and waist circumference.
conclusionsA raised WBC is associated with higher risk of T2D. The presence of publication bias and failure to control for all potential confounders in all studies means the observed association is likely an overestimate.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.