ArticlePLoS genetics2010
Ancient and recent adaptive evolution of primate non-homologous end joining genes.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cross-species incompatibilities offer new insights into the functional consequences of satellite DNA evolution.Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology · 2026Review
- Adaptation of CD4 in gorillas and chimpanzees conveyed resistance to simian immunodeficiency viruses.eLife · 2025Article
- Recurrent Duplication and Diversification of a Vital DNA Repair Gene Family Across Drosophila.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Viral Modulation of the DNA Damage Response and Innate Immunity: Two Sides of the Same Coin.Journal of molecular biology · 2022Review
- DNA damage repair system in C57BL/6 J mice is evolutionarily stable.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- Nuku, a family of primate retrocopies derived from KU70.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Article
- Positive natural selection in primate genes of the type I interferon response.BMC ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- Adaptive evolution of an essential telomere protein restricts telomeric retrotransposons.eLife · 2020Article
- Structural basis of homologous recombination.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2020Review
- Yeast XRS2 and human NBN gene: Experimental evidence for homology using codon optimized cDNA.PloS one · 2018Article
- Article
- Mutations in XRCC4 cause primordial dwarfism without causing immunodeficiency.Journal of human genetics · 2016Review
- The effect of species representation on the detection of positive selection in primate gene data sets.Molecular biology and evolution · 2015Article
- KAP-1 promotes resection of broken DNA ends not protected by γ-H2AX and 53BP1 in G₁-phase lymphocytes.Molecular and cellular biology · 2014Article
- Rapid evolution of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in humans and other primates.BMC evolutionary biology · 2014Article
- Catalytic and noncatalytic roles of the CtIP endonuclease in double-strand break end resection.Molecular cell · 2014Article
- Genome-wide screens for sensitivity to ionizing radiation identify the fission yeast nonhomologous end joining factor Xrc4.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2014Article
- Article
- What's the damage? The impact of pathogens on pathways that maintain host genome integrity.Cell host & microbe · 2014Review
- A mutation in the FHA domain of Coprinus cinereus Nbs1 Leads to Spo11-independent meiotic recombination and chromosome segregation.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In human cells, DNA double-strand breaks are repaired primarily by the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway. Given their critical nature, we expected NHEJ proteins to be evolutionarily conserved, with relatively little sequence change over time. Here, we report that while critical domains of these proteins are conserved as expected, the sequence of NHEJ proteins has also been shaped by recurrent positive selection, leading to rapid sequence evolution in other protein domains. In order to characterize the molecular evolution of the human NHEJ pathway, we generated large simian primate sequence datasets for NHEJ genes. Codon-based models of gene evolution yielded statistical support for the recurrent positive selection of five NHEJ genes during primate evolution: XRCC4, NBS1, Artemis, POLλ, and CtIP. Analysis of human polymorphism data using the composite of multiple signals (CMS) test revealed that XRCC4 has also been subjected to positive selection in modern humans. Crystal structures are available for XRCC4, Nbs1, and Polλ; and residues under positive selection fall exclusively on the surfaces of these proteins. Despite the positive selection of such residues, biochemical experiments with variants of one positively selected site in Nbs1 confirm that functions necessary for DNA repair and checkpoint signaling have been conserved. However, many viruses interact with the proteins of the NHEJ pathway as part of their infectious lifecycle. We propose that an ongoing evolutionary arms race between viruses and NHEJ genes may be driving the surprisingly rapid evolution of these critical genes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.