ArticleClinical medicine & research2011
Non-rural point source blastomycosis outbreak near a yard waste collection site.
Article in Clinical medicine & research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Updating the Epidemiology of Blastomycosis and Histoplasmosis in the United States, Using National Electronic Health Record Data, 2013-2023.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Comparative genome analysis and the genome-shaping role of long terminal repeat retrotransposons in the evolutionary divergence of fungal pathogens Blastomyces dermatitidis and Blastomyces gilchristii.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Article
- Perspectives on blastomycosis in Canada in the face of climate change.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2024Article
- Genomic Epidemiology of Large Blastomycosis Outbreak, Ontario, Canada, 2021.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Blastomycosis: A Review of Mycological and Clinical Aspects.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Blastomycosis-Some Progress but Still Much to Learn.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Diagnostic Methods and Risk Factors for Severe Disease and Mortality in Blastomycosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Consequences of Our Changing Environment on Life Threatening and Debilitating Fungal Diseases in Humans.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Blastomycosis Surveillance in 5 States, United States, 1987-2018.Emerging infectious diseases · 2021Review
- Blastomycosis in Minnesota, USA, 1999-2018.Emerging infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Advances in Understanding Human Genetic Variations That Influence Innate Immunity to Fungi.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Racial Differences in Clinical Phenotype and Hospitalization of Blastomycosis Patients.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Article
- The Dynamic Genome and Transcriptome of the Human Fungal Pathogen Blastomyces and Close Relative Emmonsia.PLoS genetics · 2015Article
- Spatial epidemiology of blastomycosis hospitalizations: detecting clusters and identifying environmental risk factors.Medical mycology · 2015Article
- Development of a highly sensitive and specific blastomycosis antibody enzyme immunoassay using Blastomyces dermatitidis surface protein BAD-1.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Article
- Incidence and trends of blastomycosis-associated hospitalizations in the United States.PloS one · 2014Article
- A large community outbreak of blastomycosis in Wisconsin with geographic and ethnic clustering.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2013Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBlastomycosis is a potentially fatal infection caused by the fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis. During January 1 through March 5, 2006, twenty-one laboratory confirmed cases of blastomycosis were reported among residents of an endemic area in north-central Wisconsin; a striking increase compared with previous years. The objective of the study was to determine if an observed increase in blastomycosis among residents of an urban area in north-central Wisconsin was caused by a point-source exposure and to identify its source.
methodsWe compared epidemiologic features, and signs and symptoms of B. dermatitidis infection among 46 historic (1999-2005) and 21 possible outbreak case patients. In addition, a case-control study was conducted to compare risk factors of the outbreak case patients with those of 64 age, gender, and geographically-matched control subjects. We conducted site inspections, evaluated meteorological data, genetically compared outbreak and non-outbreak isolates, and attempted environmental detection of B. dermatitidis using polymerase chain reaction, in vitro isolation, and in vivo isolation by tail vein injection of mice.
resultsThe unusual risk profile of this outbreak included: residence within non-rural city limits with limited time spent outdoors and an equivalent gender ratio and young median age among case patients consistent with common source rather than unrelated exposures. Thirteen of fourteen outbreak-associated clinical isolates of B. dermatitidis clustered in the same genetic group by PCR-RFLP analysis. Inspections near the cluster center suggested a yard waste collection site as the probable exposure source. B. dermatitidis nucleic acid was detected in one of 19 environmental samples. Environmental and meteorological conditions and material management practices were identified that may have facilitated growth and dispersal of B. dermatitidis conidia near this residential area.
conclusionsResults of our investigation of this large non-rural outbreak of blastomycosis suggest bioaerosol hazards may exist near yard waste collection and composting facilities, especially where pine tree litter is present, in B. dermatitidis endemic areas.
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Registered trials
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