ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2010
Smoking reduces surfactant protein D and phospholipids in patients with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anesthetics to Prevent Lung Injury in Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia · 2022Trial
- Genome-wide association analysis of blood biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2012Trial
- A generalized higher-order correlation analysis framework for multi-omics network inference.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- A scoping review about smoking, smoking cessation and their effects on anti-tuberculosis agents: insights into drug metabolisms, safety, and effectiveness.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- HIV infection impairs the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by altering surfactant protein D function in the human lung alveolar mucosa.Mucosal immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Molecular Impact of Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes on Pulmonary Surfactant.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- RNA-Seq Analysis of UPM-Exposed Epithelium Co-Cultivated with Macrophages and Dendritic Cells in Obstructive Lung Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- No smoke without fire: the impact of cigarette smoking on the immune control of tuberculosis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
- Revisiting the role of pulmonary surfactant in chronic inflammatory lung diseases and environmental exposure.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2021Review
- Loss of Parkinson's susceptibility gene LRRK2 promotes carcinogen-induced lung tumorigenesis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Phosphatidylglycerol and surfactant: A potential treatment for COVID-19?Medical hypotheses · 2020Article
- Article
- Nicotine modulates molecules of the innate immune response in epithelial cells and macrophages during infection with M. tuberculosis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Article
- Evaluation and Interpretation of Transcriptome Data Underlying Heterogeneous Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Genomics & informatics · 2019Article
- Lipid metabolism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2019Review
- Lung Surfactant Lipids Provide Immune Protection AgainstFrontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Tobacco-Derived Lipopolysaccharide, Not Microbial Translocation, as a Potential Contributor to the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Mediators of inflammation · 2019Article
- Surfactant Protein D in Respiratory and Non-Respiratory Diseases.Frontiers in medicine · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPulmonary surfactant D (SP-D) has important regulatory functions for innate immunity and has been implicated as a biomarker for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesized that COPD patients would have reduced bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid SP-D levels compared to healthy smoking and non-smoking controls.
methodsBAL SP-D and phospholipids were quantified and corrected for dilution in 110 subjects (65 healthy never smokers, 23 smokers with normal spirometry, and 22 smokers with COPD).
resultsBAL SP-D was highest in never smokers (mean 51.9 μg/mL ± 7.1 μg/mL standard error) compared to both smokers with normal spirometry (16.0 μg/mL ± 11.8 μg/mL) and subjects with COPD (19.1 μg/mL ± 12.9 μg/mL; P < 0.0001). Among smokers with COPD, BAL SP-D correlated significantly with FEV1% predicted (R = 0.43; P < 0.05); however, the strongest predictor of BAL SP-D was smoking status. BAL SP-D levels were lowest in current smokers (12.8 μg/mL ± 11.0 μg/mL), intermediate in former smokers (25.2 μg/mL ± 14.2 μg/mL; P < 0.008), and highest in never smokers. BAL phospholipids were also lowest in current smokers (6.5 nmol ± 1.5 nmol), intermediate in former smokers (13.1 nmol ± 2.1 nmol), and highest in never smokers (14.8 nmol ± 1.1 nmol; P < 0.0001).
conclusionsThese data suggest that smokers, and especially current smokers, exhibit significantly reduced BAL SP-D and phospholipids compared to nonsmokers. Our findings may help better explain the mechanism that leads to the rapid progression of disease and increased incidence of infection in smokers.
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