ReviewCurrent opinion in HIV and AIDS2010
Biomarkers in immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: signals from pathogenesis.
Review in Current opinion in HIV and AIDS, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02147405 (PET Imaging and Lymph Node Assessment of IRIS in Persons With AIDS), which is not on this map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
PET Imaging and Lymph Node Assessment of IRIS in Persons With AIDS
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-HIV Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a case report and systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Vitamin D, D-dimer, Interferon γ, and sCD14 Levels are Independently Associated with Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: A Prospective, International Study.EBioMedicine · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Thalidomide as an Adjunctive Therapy for HIV-Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: A Case Series.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Herpesviruses Reactivation and Systemic Inflammation Before and After Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy Among Women with HIV in Rakai, Uganda.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Inflammation in HIV and Its Impact on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Perplexing paradoxical reactions: navigating the complexity of protracted tuberculosis meningitis-a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- C-Reactive Protein: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, False Test Results and a Novel Diagnostic Algorithm for Clinicians.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A case of syphilis associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and review of the literature.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Review
- Acute Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome-HBV Flare in an HIV/HBV Coinfected Patient After Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation: Case Report and Literature Review.The American journal of case reports · 2023Review
- Impacts of ainuovirine-based and efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapies on the lipid profile of HIV/AIDS patients in southern China: a real-world study.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Hepatitis B-Related Hepatic Flare During Immune Reconstitution Syndrome After Antiretroviral Treatment Initiation in an HBV Surface Antigen-Positive Patient With HIV: Viroimmunological and Histological Characterization.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Review
- Review
- Potential disease trigger as a therapeutic option: infliximab for paradoxical reaction in tuberculosis of the central nervous system.BMJ case reports · 2021Article
- High Levels of TNF-α and TIM-3 as a Biomarker of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in People with HIV Infection.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- An Inflammatory Composite Score Predicts Mycobacterial Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in People with Advanced HIV: A Prospective International Cohort Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Observational
- Classical complement and inflammasome activation converge in CD14highCD16- monocytes in HIV associated TB-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Cytokines and Chemokines Involved in Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis B Virus Coinfected Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is the paradoxical worsening or unmasking of an infection or neoplasm in HIV-1-infected patients shortly after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. New insights into the pathogenesis of IRIS may help identify biomarkers that could be useful in predicting or diagnosing IRIS. RECENT
findingsStudies of immunopathogenesis have shown a signification activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses with elevation of plasma or serum chemokines and cytokines. Markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein, interferon-inducible protein 10 or interferon γ may be helpful as predictors of IRIS events. In addition, tuberculosis (TB)-associated IRIS is associated with a prominent Th1 response that can be heightened even prior to ART initiation in cases of unmasking TB, and may assist in early diagnosis. Large prospective studies are needed to elucidate the predictive and diagnostic value of IRIS biomarkers and advance them to the clinic. SUMMARY: Reversal of immunosuppression by ART leads to exaggerated pathogen-specific immune responses (known as IRIS) that appear to be primed prior to therapy. Inflammatory markers, chemokines and cytokines that signify innate and adaptive immune activation are biomarkers that could prove of clinical value after appropriate validation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.