ArticleEuropean heart journal2010
Lipoprotein(a) as a cardiovascular risk factor: current status.
Article in European heart journal, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 661 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effects of Low-Volume High Intensity Interval Training and Circuit Training on Maximal Oxygen Uptake
Influence of Pelacarsen on Arterial Wall Properties and Risk Factors in Patients After Myocardial Infarction With High Lp(a) Values
Who cites it
661 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,758 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Acute myocardial infarction treatment delay in South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Future cardiology · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Pioglitazone On Lipoprotein(a): A Meta-analysis.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Pooled it
- Independence of Lipoprotein(a) and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol-Mediated Cardiovascular Risk: A Participant-Level Meta-Analysis.Circulation · 2025 · on this mapPooled it
- Pooled it
- Early administration of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Pooled it
- High-sensitivity C-reactive protein among people living with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy: a systemic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Circulating lipoprotein (a) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2023Pooled it
- Metabolic and Safety Outcomes of Statin-Ezetimibe Versus High-Intensity Statin in Older Patients.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Trial
- Public availability of trial-design and clinical-context information in contemporary lipoprotein(a)-targeted cardiovascular trials: A cross-sectional meta-research study.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Article
- RNA-Based Therapies for Lipoprotein(a) Reduction: Antisense Oligonucleotides, Small Interfering RNAs, and Emerging Platforms.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- The SLC-ome of membrane transport: from molecular discovery to physiology and clinical applications.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Elevated Lipoprotein(a) in Asian Populations and its Implications for Cardiovascular Disease.JACC. Asia · 2026Review
- Elevated lipoprotein(a) and adverse pregnancy outcomes.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Cross-Sectional Association of Lipoprotein(a) Levels With Vascular Complications and Related Parameters in a Japanese Type 2 Diabetes Cohort.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2026Article
- Lipoprotein(a) Inhibition: Current Evidence, Therapeutic Landscape, and Future Directions.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Expert consensus on Lipoprotein(a) in the Gulf countries: Navigating cardiovascular risk and therapeutic advances.Atherosclerosis plus · 2026Article
- Lipoprotein(a) and premature myocardial infarction: Mechanistic insights and implications for PCI-era residual risk.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Review
- Risk stacking in peripheral artery disease (PAD): Integrating genetics, cardiometabolic disease and social determinants of health to explain worsening PAD outcomes.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- The Implications of Lipoprotein(a) in MASLD.Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
601 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 18 institutions in 13 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsThe aims of the study were, first, to critically evaluate lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] as a cardiovascular risk factor and, second, to advise on screening for elevated plasma Lp(a), on desirable levels, and on therapeutic strategies. METHODS AND
resultsThe robust and specific association between elevated Lp(a) levels and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD)/coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, together with recent genetic findings, indicates that elevated Lp(a), like elevated LDL-cholesterol, is causally related to premature CVD/CHD. The association is continuous without a threshold or dependence on LDL- or non-HDL-cholesterol levels. Mechanistically, elevated Lp(a) levels may either induce a prothrombotic/anti-fibrinolytic effect as apolipoprotein(a) resembles both plasminogen and plasmin but has no fibrinolytic activity, or may accelerate atherosclerosis because, like LDL, the Lp(a) particle is cholesterol-rich, or both. We advise that Lp(a) be measured once, using an isoform-insensitive assay, in subjects at intermediate or high CVD/CHD risk with premature CVD, familial hypercholesterolaemia, a family history of premature CVD and/or elevated Lp(a), recurrent CVD despite statin treatment, ≥3% 10-year risk of fatal CVD according to European guidelines, and/or ≥10% 10-year risk of fatal + non-fatal CHD according to US guidelines. As a secondary priority after LDL-cholesterol reduction, we recommend a desirable level for Lp(a) <80th percentile (less than ∼50 mg/dL). Treatment should primarily be niacin 1-3 g/day, as a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled intervention trials demonstrates reduced CVD by niacin treatment. In extreme cases, LDL-apheresis is efficacious in removing Lp(a).
conclusionWe recommend screening for elevated Lp(a) in those at intermediate or high CVD/CHD risk, a desirable level <50 mg/dL as a function of global cardiovascular risk, and use of niacin for Lp(a) and CVD/CHD risk reduction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.