ReviewCell stress & chaperones2011
Extracellular heat shock proteins, cellular export vesicles, and the Stress Observation System: a form of communication during injury, infection, and cell damage. It is never known how far a controversial finding will go! Dedicated to Ferruccio Ritossa.
Review in Cell stress & chaperones, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
154 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles as emerging biostimulants in plant microbe signaling and stress tolerance.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- The Epichaperome Matrix Theory: A systems-level model of active molecular organization.Cell stress & chaperones · 2026Article
- Review
- Role of Antioxidant Systems and Heat Shock Response in Aquatic Animals Under Multistress Conditions.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Incremental diagnostic value of HSP-70, presepsin, and HO-1 for differentiating acute appendicitis from nonsurgical abdominal pain in children: a prospective cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Heat shock protein-mediated remodeling of the bone immune microenvironment: mechanisms and precision therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Placental Heat Shock Protein (HSP) Expression in Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) Pregnancies: A Case-Control Immunohistochemistry Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Altered Expression of Dual-Specificity Phosphatases in Macrophages Exposed to Lipid Nanoparticles.FASEB bioAdvances · 2026Article
- Diabetes, Protein Misfolding, and Heat Stress: Molecular Insights and Translational Perspectives.TH open : companion journal to thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles decoying across host immunity.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Review
- Review
- The immune system in cardiovascular diseases: from basic mechanisms to therapeutic implications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- HSPA2 influences the differentiation and production of immunomodulatory mediators in human immortalized epidermal keratinocyte lines.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Decoding the role of large heat shock proteins in the progression of neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegenerative disorders.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2025Review
- Small HSPs at the crossroad between protein aggregation, autophagy and unconventional secretion: clinical implications and potential therapeutic opportunities in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Virulence factors released by extracellular vesicles fromFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Signal Peptides and Their Fragments in Post-Translation: Novel Insights of Signal Peptides.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Exosome-associated mitochondrial DNA in late-life depression: Implications for cognitive decline in older adults.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Article
- Lipid droplets and small extracellular vesicles: More than two independent entities.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Article
- Membrane-bound Heat Shock Protein mHsp70 Is Required for Migration and Invasion of Brain Tumors.Cancer research communications · 2024Article
94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (hsp) have been found to play a fundamental role in the recovery from multiple stress conditions and to offer protection from subsequent insults. The function of hsp during stress goes beyond their intracellular localization and chaperone role as they have been detected outside cells activating signaling pathways. Extracellular hsp are likely to act as indicators of the stress conditions, priming other cells, particularly of the immune system, to avoid the propagation of the insult. Some extracellular hsp, for instance Hsp70, are associated with export vesicles, displaying a robust activation of macrophages. We have coined the term Stress Observation System (SOS) for the mechanism for sensing extracellular hsp, which we propose is a form of cellular communication during stress conditions. An enigmatic and still poorly understood process is the mechanism for the release of hsp, which do not contain any consensus secretory signal. The export of hsp appears to be a very complex phenomenon encompassing different alternative pathways. Moreover, extracellular hsp may not come in a single flavor, but rather in a variety of physical conditions. This review addresses some of our current knowledge about the release and function of extracellular hsp, in particular those associated with vesicles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.