ReviewMucosal immunology2011
Intestinal macrophages and response to microbial encroachment.
Review in Mucosal immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 206 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
206 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 371 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cutting edges and therapeutic opportunities on tumor-associated macrophages in lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Influence of Maternal Prepregnancy Obesity and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain on Maternal and Child Gastrointestinal Microbiome Composition: A Systematic Review.Biological research for nursing · 2020Pooled it
- Article
- Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Focus on Bone Homeostasis and Regeneration.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Phenotypic switching of gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells and the regulatory role of macrophages: a literature review.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Why, Immunologically, Housing-Related Fungi and Endotoxins (and Other Chronic Pro-Inflammatory Stressors) Risk Latent Tuberculosis Reactivation, Severe Asthma, and Translocating and Invasive Infections in Indigenous Communities in Canada.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Review
- Distribution and prognostic value of macrophages in colorectal cancer and adjacent mucosa in patient stages I-IIIWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Tissue resident colonic macrophages persist through acute inflammation and adapt to aid tissue repair.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- Macrophages on demand: How tissue trauma shapes their role.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026Review
- Macrophages in Colorectal Cancer: from Normal Mucosa to Distant Metastasis: Beyond the M1/M2 Paradigm.Journal of Cancer · 2026Review
- The current consensus on ulcerative colitis, and the evidence and perspectives on the influence of gut microbiota on it.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Analysis of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Gene Response Patterns in Patients Receiving Phage Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Observational
- Review
- MyD88-mediated signaling in intestinal fibroblasts regulates macrophage antimicrobial defense and prevents dysbiosis in the gut.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Identifying Lactylation-related biomarkers and therapeutic drugs in ulcerative colitis: insights from machine learning and molecular docking.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- Butyrate Derivatives Exhibited Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Enhanced Intestinal Barrier Integrity in Porcine Cell Culture Models.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Intestinal barrier function declines during polycystic kidney disease progression.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2025Article
- Cytokeratin expression and distribution pattern of epithelioid macrophages in animals with different pathological forms of bovine paratuberculosis: potential role in resilience to PTB.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles shed by macrophages co-cultured withBioscience of microbiota, food and health · 2025Article
- Gut Microbiota-Immune System Interactions in Health and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications.Aging and disease · 2024Review
146 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages in the gastrointestinal mucosa represent the largest pool of tissue macrophages in the body. In order to maintain mucosal homeostasis, resident intestinal macrophages uniquely do not express the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) co-receptor CD14 or the IgA (CD89) and IgG (CD16, 32, and 64) receptors, yet prominently display Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3-9. Remarkably, intestinal macrophages also do not produce proinflammatory cytokines in response to TLR ligands, likely because of extracellular matrix (stromal) transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) dysregulation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signal proteins and, via Smad signaling, expression of IκBα, thereby inhibiting NF-κB-mediated activities. Thus, in noninflamed mucosa, resident macrophages are inflammation anergic but retain avid scavenger and host defense function, an ideal profile for macrophages in close proximity to gut microbiota. In the event of impaired epithelial integrity during intestinal infection or inflammation, however, blood monocytes also accumulate in the lamina propria and actively pursue invading microorganisms through uptake and degradation of the organism and release of inflammatory mediators. Consequently, resident intestinal macrophages are inflammation adverse, but when the need arises, they receive assistance from newly recruited circulating monocytes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.