ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2010
An intranasally delivered Toll-like receptor 7 agonist elicits robust systemic and mucosal responses to Norwalk virus-like particles.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immunity and vaccine development.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Nano-Assembled Polyphosphazene Delivery System Enables Effective Intranasal Immunization with Nipah Virus Subunit Vaccine.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Article
- Development of Nasal Vaccines and the Associated Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Development of mucosal vaccine delivery: an overview on the mucosal vaccines and their adjuvants.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2022Review
- The efficacy of a 2,4-diaminoquinazoline compound as an intranasal vaccine adjuvant to protect against influenza A virus infection in vivo.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Article
- Recent Advances in the Development of Toll-like Receptor Agonist-Based Vaccine Adjuvants for Infectious Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Intranasal COVID-19 vaccines: From bench to bed.EBioMedicine · 2022Review
- Protective efficacy of intranasal inactivated pseudorabies vaccine is improved by combination adjuvant in mice.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- The Bacterial Mucosal Immunotherapy MV130 Protects Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Improves COVID-19 Vaccines Immunogenicity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Agonist and antagonist ligands of toll-like receptors 7 and 8: Ingenious tools for therapeutic purposes.European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2020Review
- A TLR7/8 Agonist-Including DOEPC-Based Cationic Liposome Formulation Mediates Its Adjuvanticity Through the Sustained Recruitment of Highly Activated Monocytes in a Type I IFN-Independent but NF-κB-Dependent Manner.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Protective effects of delayed intraventricular TLR7 agonist administration on cerebral white and gray matter following asphyxia in the preterm fetal sheep.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Resiquimod enhances mucosal and systemic immunity against avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccine in the chicken.Microbial pathogenesis · 2018Article
- Prospects and Challenges in the Development of a Norovirus Vaccine.Clinical therapeutics · 2017Review
- Intravaginal immunisation using a novel antigen-releasing ring device elicits robust vaccine antigen-specific systemic and mucosal humoral immune responses.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2017Article
- Current prospects and future challenges for nasal vaccine delivery.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2017Review
- Intranasal delivery of a bivalent norovirus vaccine formulated in an in situ gelling dry powder.PloS one · 2017Article
- Vaccine against norovirus.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Review
- Norovirus Narita 104 virus-like particles expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana induce serum and mucosal immune responses.BioMed research international · 2014Article
- TLR7 and 9 agonists are highly effective mucosal adjuvants for norovirus virus-like particle vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Norwalk virus (NV) is an enteric pathogen from the genus Norovirus and a major cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans. NV virus-like particles (VLPs) are known to elicit systemic and mucosal immune responses when delivered nasally; however, the correlates of immune protection are unknown, and codelivery with a safe and immunogenic mucosal adjuvant may enhance protective anti-NV immune responses. Resiquimod (R848), an imidazoquinoline-based Toll-like receptor 7 and/or 8 (TLR7/8) agonist, is being evaluated as an adjuvant in FDA-approved clinical vaccine trials. As such, we evaluated the adjuvant activity of two imidazoquinoline-based TLR7 and TLR7/8 agonists when codelivered intranasally with plant-derived NV VLPs. We also compared the activity of these agonists to the gold standard mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin (CT). Our results indicate that codelivery with the TLR7 agonist, gardiquimod (GARD), induces NV VLP-specific serum IgG and IgG isotype responses and mucosal IgA responses in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts that are superior to those induced by R848 and comparable to those induced by the mucosal adjuvant CT. This study supports the continued investigation of GARD as a mucosal adjuvant for NV VLPs and possible use for other VLP-based vaccines for which immune responses at distal mucosal sites (e.g., respiratory and reproductive tracts) are desired.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.