ReviewAmerican journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology2011
Hindbrain noradrenergic A2 neurons: diverse roles in autonomic, endocrine, cognitive, and behavioral functions.
Review in American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 146 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of Sour Taste on Swallowing Function of Patients With Dysphagia After Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Brain and behavior · 2026Trial
- Molecular Ontology Predicts Output Connections From the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2026Article
- The hindbrain-hypothalamic noradrenergic pathway controls homeostatic food intake but not cue-induced appetitive behaviors.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- A neuron-glia circuit anticipates hypoxia to regulate organismal oxygen use.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Noradrenergic inhibition of definitive POMC neurons through direct and indirect mechanisms.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Atlas of GLP-1 expression in the mouse brain: Neuroanatomical basis for metabolic and psychiatric effects.Brain medicine : from neurons to behavior and better health · 2026Article
- Short-Chain Fatty Acids Regulate Poultry Feed Intake via the Hypothalamus: Receptor-Mediated and Epigenetic Mechanisms.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Engaging Gut-to-Brain Signalling to Treat Alcohol Use Disorder.Addiction biology · 2026Article
- Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists Reduce Heavy Alcohol Drinking and Improve Cognitive Performance in Mice.eNeuro · 2026Article
- The nucleus tractus solitarii across vertebrates: developmental origins, comparative organization, and supranuclear modulation in humans.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2026Review
- Reviewing vascular influences on neuronal migration, cortical development, and neurodevelopmental disorders: focus on autism, ADHD and schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Asymmetric blood flow within a shared capillary network links the nucleus of the solitary tract and area postrema.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Dynamic rewiring of microRNA networks in the brainstem autonomic control circuits during hypertension development in the female spontaneously hypertensive rat.Physiological genomics · 2025Article
- Deep brain stimulation of medial forebrain bundle modulates noradrenergic activity and feedforward inhibition in rodent model of depression.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Characterization of NTS-to-VTA projection neurons reveals higher-order synaptic organization and distinct responsiveness to cholecystokinin.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Infralimbic prefrontal cortical projections to the autonomic brainstem: quantification of inputs to cholinergic and adrenergic/noradrenergic nuclei.Brain structure & function · 2025Article
- Norepinephrine changes behavioral state through astroglial purinergic signaling.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- An endogenous GLP-1 circuit engages VTA GABA neurons to regulate mesolimbic dopamine neurons and attenuate cocaine seeking.Science advances · 2025Article
- Brainstem Noradrenergic Neuronal Populations: Dual Effects on Regulating GnRH and LH Secretion.Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Ketamine induces plasticity in a norepinephrine-astroglial circuit to promote behavioral perseverance.Neuron · 2025Article
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
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Funding
Abstract
Central noradrenergic (NA) signaling is broadly implicated in behavioral and physiological processes related to attention, arousal, motivation, learning and memory, and homeostasis. This review focuses on the A2 cell group of NA neurons, located within the hindbrain dorsal vagal complex (DVC). The intra-DVC location of A2 neurons supports their role in vagal sensory-motor reflex arcs and visceral motor outflow. A2 neurons also are reciprocally connected with multiple brain stem, hypothalamic, and limbic forebrain regions. The extra-DVC connections of A2 neurons provide a route through which emotional and cognitive events can modulate visceral motor outflow and also a route through which interoceptive feedback from the body can impact hypothalamic functions as well as emotional and cognitive processing. This review considers some of the hallmark anatomical and chemical features of A2 neurons, followed by presentation of evidence supporting a role for A2 neurons in modulating food intake, affective behavior, behavioral and physiological stress responses, emotional learning, and drug dependence. Increased knowledge about the organization and function of the A2 cell group and the neural circuits in which A2 neurons participate should contribute to a better understanding of how the brain orchestrates adaptive responses to the various threats and opportunities of life and should further reveal the central underpinnings of stress-related physiological and emotional dysregulation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.