SynthesisJournal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA
A systematic literature review of automated clinical coding and classification systems.
Synthesis in Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Recent Advances in AI for Automated ICD Coding: A Systematic Literature Review.Journal of medical systems · 2026Pooled it
- Findings from the 2019 International Medical Informatics Association Yearbook Section on Health Information Management.Yearbook of medical informatics · 2019Pooled it
- Natural Language Processing to Identify Advance Care Planning Documentation in a Multisite Pragmatic Clinical Trial.Journal of pain and symptom management · 2022Trial
- Accuracy of administrative data in ascertaining health conditions: a systematic review.JAMIA open · 2026Review
- Automated data collection in cancer care: State of play among registries in the United Kingdom and Europe.Health information management : journal of the Health Information Management Association of Australia · 2026Article
- How does the mapped ICD data in an EHR system compare to the hospital DAD data in Alberta, Canada?BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing to Improve Classification of Atrial Septal Defects in Electronic Health Records.Birth defects research · 2025Article
- Artificial Intelligence-based Automated International Classification of Diseases Coding: A Systematic Review.Journal of medical signals and sensors · 2025Review
- Enhancing emergency department charting: Using Generative Pre-trained Transformer-4 (GPT-4) to identify laceration repairs.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2025Article
- Using Medical Named Entity Recognition in Automatic ICD Prediction.BioMed research international · 2025Article
- Association of metastatic pattern in breast cancer with tumor and patient-specific factors: a nationwide autopsy study using artificial intelligence.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2024Article
- AI integration in nephrology: evaluating ChatGPT for accurate ICD-10 documentation and coding.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2024Article
- Secondary Use of Clinical Problem List Descriptions for Bi-Encoder Based ICD-10 Classification.AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2024Article
- Combining unsupervised, supervised and rule-based learning: the case of detecting patient allergies in electronic health records.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2023Article
- Streams, rivers and data lakes: an introduction to understanding modern electronic healthcare records.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2023Article
- A Curriculum Batching Strategy for Automatic ICD Coding with Deep Multi-Label Classification Models.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Automated clinical coding: what, why, and where we are?NPJ digital medicine · 2022Review
- Tasks as needs: reframing the paradigm of clinical natural language processing research for real-world decision support.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2022Article
- All Patient Refined-Diagnosis Related Groups' (APR-DRGs) Severity of Illness and Risk of Mortality as predictors of in-hospital mortality.Journal of medical systems · 2022Observational
- When BERT meets Bilbo: a learning curve analysis of pretrained language model on disease classification.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2022Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clinical coding and classification processes transform natural language descriptions in clinical text into data that can subsequently be used for clinical care, research, and other purposes. This systematic literature review examined studies that evaluated all types of automated coding and classification systems to determine the performance of such systems. Studies indexed in Medline or other relevant databases prior to March 2009 were considered. The 113 studies included in this review show that automated tools exist for a variety of coding and classification purposes, focus on various healthcare specialties, and handle a wide variety of clinical document types. Automated coding and classification systems themselves are not generalizable, nor are the results of the studies evaluating them. Published research shows these systems hold promise, but these data must be considered in context, with performance relative to the complexity of the task and the desired outcome.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.